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La Crosse
Diocese erected in 1868; included that part of the State of Wisconsin, U.S.A., lying north and west of the Wisconsin River.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08735b.htm
Lawrence Justinian, Saint
A bishop and first Patriarch of Venice. He died in 1456.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09091a.htm
Labbe, Philippe
Born at Borges, 10 July, 1607; died at Paris, at the College of Clermont, 17 (16) March, 1667; a distinguished Jesuit writer on historical, geographical, and philological questions.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08718b.htm
Latin Literature in Christianity (Sixth to Twentieth Century)
During the Middle Ages the so-called church Latin was to a great extent the language of poetry, and it was only on the advent of the Renaissance that classical Latin revived and flourished in the writings of the neo-Latinists as it does even today though to a more modest extent.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09026a.htm
Loménie de Brienne, Etienne-Charles de
French cardinal and statesman. (1727-1794)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09340a.htm
Legends, Literary or Profane
In the period of national origins history and legend are inextricably mingled. In the course of oral transmission historic narrative necessarily becomes more or less legendary.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09121a.htm
La Roche Daillon, Joseph de
Recollect, one of the most zealous missionaries of the Huron tribe, d. in France, 1656.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09004c.htm
Lesueur, François Eustache
Jesuit missionary and philologist, of the Abnaki mission in Canada; born (according to notes given by Thwaites, apparently from official sources) near Coutances, Normandy, 22 July, 1685 or 1686, though Maurault gives his birthplace as Lunel, in Languedoc; died at Montreal, 28 or 26 April, 1760, or (according to Maurault) at Quebec, in 1755.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09200a.htm
Louvain, University of
In order to restore the splendour of Louvain, capital of his Duchy of Brabant, John IV of the House of Burgundy petitioned the papal authority for the establishment of an educational institution called at the time studium generale. The Bull of Martin V, dated 9 December, 1425, was the result.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09391a.htm
Luke, Gospel of Saint
The word Lucas seems to have been unknown before the Christian Era; but Lucanus is common in inscriptions, and is found at the beginning and end of the Gospel in some Old Latin manuscripts (ibid.). It is generally held that St. Luke was a native of Antioch.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09420a.htm
Laetus, Pomponius
Humanist, b. in Calabria in 1425; d. at Rome in 1497.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08738a.htm
Luetolf, Aloys
Church historian. (1824-1879)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09463a.htm
Lystra
A titular see in the Province of Lycaonia, suffragan of Iconium.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09478c.htm
La Harpe, Jean-François
A French critic and poet, b. at Paris, 20 November, 1739; d. February, 1803.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741c.htm
Lambert, Saint
Bishop of Maestricht, martyred between 698 and 701 for defending the sanctity of marriage. Also called St. Landebertus.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08757a.htm
Louis of Granada, Venerable
Spanish theologian, writer, and preacher. (1505-1588)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09385b.htm
La Luzerne, César-Guillaume
French cardinal b. at Paris, 1738; d. there, l821.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08753b.htm
Lower Criticism (Textual)
The object of textual criticism is to restore as nearly as possible the original text of a work the autograph of which has been lost.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04497a.htm
La Fosse, Charles de
Painter, b. in Paris, 15 June, 1636; d. in Paris, 13 December, 1716, and buried in the church of Saint Eustache.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08740b.htm
Lyrba
A titular see of Pamphylia Prima, known by its coins and the mention made of it by Dionysius, Perieg. 858, Ptolemy, V, 5, S, and Hierocles.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09478a.htm
Lagania
A titular see in Galatia Prima.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741a.htm
Low Sunday
The first Sunday after Easter.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09400a.htm
LaFarge, John
Painter, decorator, and writer. (1835-1910)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16050b.htm
Laban
Son of Bathuel, the Syrian.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08717b.htm
Lynch, John
Historian, b. at Galway, Ireland, 1599; d. in France, 1673; was the son of Alexander Lynch, who kept a classical school at Galway.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09471a.htm
Latter-Day Saints, The Church of Jesus Christ of
This religious body had its origin during the early part of the nineteenth century. Joseph Smith, the founder and first president of the sect, was the son of a Vermont farmer, and was born in Sharon township, Windsor County, in that state, on 23 December, 1805.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/10570c.htm
Lorsch Abbey
One of the most renowned monasteries of the old Franco-German Empire, is situated about ten miles east of Worms in the Grand Duch of Hesse, Germany.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09364a.htm
Laflèche, Louis-François Richer
French-Canadian bishop, b. 4 Sept., 1818, at Ste-Anne de la Perade, Province of Quebec; d. 14 July, 1898.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08739b.htm
Laforêt, Nicholas-Joseph
Belgian philosopher and theologian, born at Graide, 23 January, 1823; died at Louvain, 26 January, 1872.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08740a.htm
Labat, Jean-Baptiste
Dominican missionary, born at Paris, 1664; died there, 1738.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08718a.htm
Lagrené, Pierre
A missionary in New France, b. at Paris, 12 Nov. (al. 28 Oct.), 1659; d. at Quebec in 1736.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741b.htm
La Fontaine, Jean de
French poet, b. at Chateau-Thierry, 8 July, 1621; d. at Paris, 13 April, 1695.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08739c.htm
Love, Theological Virtue of
The third and greatest of the Divine virtues enumerated by St. Paul (1 Cor., xiii, 13), usually called charity, defined: a divinely infused habit, inclining the human will to cherish God for his own sake above all things, and man for the sake of God.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09397a.htm
Lalemant, Charles
Born at Paris, 17 November, 1587; died there, 18 November, 1674. He was the first superior of the Jesuit missions in Canada, and his letter to his brother dated 1 August, 1626, inaugurated the series of "Relations" about the missionary work in that country.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752a.htm
Labarum (Chi-Rho)
The name by which the military standard adopted by Constantine the Great after his celebrated vision (Lactantius, "De mortibus persecutorum", 44), was known in antiquity.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08717c.htm
Lawrence, Saint
Roman martyr. (d. 258)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09089a.htm
Linacre, Thomas
English physician and clergyman, founder of the Royal College of Physicians, London, b. at Canterbury about 1460; d. in London, 20 October, 1524.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09265b.htm
Libermann, Ven. Francis Mary Paul
Founder of the Congregation of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, which was afterwards merged in the Congregation of the Holy Ghost.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09223a.htm
Laetare Sunday
The fourth, or middle, Sunday of Lent, so called from the first words of the Introit at Mass.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08737c.htm
Liguori, Saint Alphonsus
Born at Marianella, near Naples, 27 September, 1696; died at Nocera de' Pagani, 1 August, 1787.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01334a.htm
Lalemant, Gabriel
Jesuit missionary, b. at Paris, 10 October, 1610, d. in the Huron country, 17 March 1649.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752b.htm
Lambton, Ven. Joseph
English martyr, b. 1569; d. at Newcastle-on-Tyne.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08761a.htm
Liber Pontificalis
A history of the popes beginning with St. Peter and continued down to the fifteenth century, in the form of biographies.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09224a.htm
La Hire, Philippe de
Mathematician, astronomer, physicist, naturalist, and painter, b. in Paris, 18 March, 1640; d. in Paris, 21 April, 1718.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08742b.htm
Lamennais, Jean-Marie-Robert de
French priest, brother of Félicité Robert de Lamennais, b. at St-Malo in 1780; d. at Ploërmel, Brittany, in 1860.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08765a.htm
Lac, Stanislaus du
Jesuit educationist and social work, b. at Paris, 21 November, 1835; d. there, 30 August, 1909.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08729a.htm
Lamb, Paschal
A lamb which the Israelites were commanded to eat with peculiar rites as a part of the Passover celebration.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08755a.htm
Lambert of Hersfeld
A medieval historian; b. in Franconia or Thuringia, c. 1024; d. after 1077.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08758a.htm
Lamennais, Félicité Robert de
Born at Saint-Malo, 29 June, 1782; died at Paris, 27 February, 1854.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08762a.htm
La Haye, Jean de
Franciscan Biblical scholar, b. at Paris, 20 March, 1593; d. there 15 Oct., 1661.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08741d.htm
La Salette, Missionaries of
Founded in 1852, at the shrine of Our Lady of La Salette, where some priests banded together to care for the numerous pilgrims frequenting the mountain.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09009a.htm
Lalemant, Jerome
Jesuit missionary, b. at Paris, 27 April, 1593, d. at Quebec, 16 November, 1665.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752c.htm
Lainez, James
Second general of the Society of Jesus, theologian, b. in 1512, at Almazan, Castille, in 1512; d. at Rome, 19 January, 1565.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08747a.htm
Lambert Le Bègue
Priest and reformer, lived at Liège, Belgium, about the middle of the twelfth century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08757b.htm
Lacedonia, Diocese of
Located in the province of Avellino, Southern Italy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08732a.htm
Larrey, Dominique-Jean
Baron, French military surgeon, b. at Baudéan, Hautes-Pyrénées, July, 1766; d. at Lyons, 25 July, 1842.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09007a.htm
Lahore
Diocese in northern India, part of the ecclesiastical Province of Agra.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08742c.htm
La Moricière, Louis-Christophe-Leon Juchault de
French general and commander-in-chief of the papal army, b. at Nantes, 5 February, 1806; d. at the château of Prouzel, near Amiens, 11 September, 1865.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08767a.htm
Laity
The body of the faithful, outside of the ranks of the clergy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08748a.htm
Laicization
The term laity signifies the aggregation of those Christians who do not form part of the clergy. Consequently the word lay does not strictly connote any idea of hostility towards the clergy or the Church much less towards religion. Laicization, therefore, considered etymologically, simply means the reducing of persons or things having an ecclesiastical character to a lay condition.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08744a.htm
Lamormaini, Wilhelm
Confessor of Emperor Ferdinand II, b. 29 December, 1570, at Dochamps, Luxemburg; d. at Vienna, 22 February, 1648.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08768a.htm
Labyrinth
A complicated arrangement of paths and passages; or a place, usually subterraneous, full of windings, corridors, rooms, etc., so intricately arranged as to render the getting out of it a very difficult matter.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08728b.htm
Lamartine, Alphonse de
Poet, b. at Macon Saône-et-Loire, France, 21 Oct., 1790; d. at Paris, l March, 1869.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08754a.htm
Lamprecht
German poet of the twelfth century, of whom practically nothing personal is known but his name and the fact that he was a cleric.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08769a.htm
Lamego
Diocese situated in the district of Vizeu, province of Beira, Portugal.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08761b.htm
Lampa
A titular see in Crete, suffragan of Gortyna, was probably a colony of Tarrha.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08768b.htm
Lambin, Denis
French philologist. (1520-1572)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08760a.htm
Landriot, Jean-François-Anne
French bishop, b. at Couches-les-Mines near Autun, 1816, d. at Reims, 1874.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08784b.htm
Lamp and Lampadarii
There is very little evidence that any strictly liturgical use was made of lamps in the early centuries of Christianity. The fact that many of the services took place at night, and that after the lapse of a generation or two the meetings of the Christians for purposes of worship were held, at Rome and elsewhere, in the subterranean chambers of the Catacombs, make it clear that lamps must have been used to provide the necessary means of illumination.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08768c.htm
Laderchi, James
An Italian Oratorian and ecclesiastical historian, born about 1678, at Faenza near Ravenna; died 25 April, 1738, at Rome.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08736b.htm
Lana, Francesco
Born 10 Dec., 1631, at Brescia in Italy; died in the same place, 22 Feb., 1687. Mathematician and naturalist, he was also the scientific founder of aeronautics.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08772c.htm
Linköping, Ancient See of
Located in Sweden; originally included Östergötland, the Islands of Gotland and Öland, and Smaaland.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16053b.htm
Lamy, Thomas Joseph
Biblical scholar end orientalist, b. at Ohey, in Belgium, 27 Jan., 1827, d. at Louvain, 30 July, 1907.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08772b.htm
Lindores, Benedictine Abbey of
On the River Tay, near Newburgh, Fifeshire, Scotland, founded by David, Earl of Huntingdon, younger brother of King William the Lion, about 1191.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09270a.htm
Lambert of St-Bertin
Benedictine chronicler and abbot, b. about 1060; d. 22 June, 1125, at St-Bertin, France.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08758b.htm
Lambillotte, Louis
Belgian Jesuit and composer. (1796-1855)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08759b.htm
Lamy, François
An ascetical and apologetic writer of the Congregation of St-Maur, b. in 1636 at Montireau in the Department of Eure-et-Loir; d. 11 April, 1711, at the Abbey of St-Denis near Paris.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08772a.htm
Lambruschini, Luigi
Cardinal, b. at Sestri Levante, near Genoa, 6 March, 1776, d. at Rome, 12 May, 1854.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08760b.htm
Lawrence, Saint
Archbishop of Canterbury. (d. 619)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09090a.htm
Lenormant, Charles
French archæologist, b. in Paris, 1 June, 1802; d. at Athens, 24 November, 1859.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09150c.htm
Lalor, Teresa
Co-foundress, with Bishop Neale of Baltimore, of the Visitation Order in the United States, b. in Ireland; d. 9 Sept., 1846.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08753a.htm
Liturgy of Jerusalem
The Rite of Jerusalem is that of Antioch.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08371a.htm
Lamp, Altar
In the Old Testament God commanded that a lamp filled with the purest oil of olives should always burn in the Tabernacle of the Testimony without the veil.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01354b.htm
Lamberville, Jacques and Jean de
Seventeenth-century Jesuit missionaries.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08759a.htm
Lanfranc
Archbishop of Canterbury, b. at Pavia c.1005; d. at Canterbury, 24 May, 1089.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08784c.htm
Laos
Separated from the Vicariate Apostolic of Siam by a decree of 4 May, 1899.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08794b.htm
Lallemant, Louis
French Jesuit, b. at Châlons-sur-Marne, 1588; d. at Bourges, 5 April, 1635.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752e.htm
Laibach
Austrian bishopric and suffragan of Görz, embraces the territory of the Austrian crown-land of Carniola (Krain).
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08743a.htm
Lang, Matthew
Cardinal, Bishop of Gurk and Archbishop of Salzburg, b. at Augsburg in 1468; d. at Salzburg, 30 March, 1540.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08787a.htm
Lando, Pope
Reigned 913-914.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08784a.htm
Langres
Diocese comprising the Department of the Haute-Marne.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08789c.htm
Lance, The Holy
In the Gospel of St. John (xix, 34), that, after our Saviour's death, "one of the soldiers with a spear [lancea] opened his side and immediately there came out blood and water".
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08773a.htm
Lake Indians
A small tribe of Salishan stock, originally ranging along Columbia River in northeast Washington from about Kettle Falls to the British line.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08751a.htm
Langheim
A celebrated Cistercian abbey situated in Upper Franconia (Bavaria), not far from Mein, in the Diocese of Bamberg.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08788c.htm
Lamarck, Chevalier de
Distinguished botanist, zoologist, and natural philosopher, b. at Bazentin in Picardy (department of Somme), France, 1 August, 1744; d. at Paris, 18 December, 1829.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08753c.htm
Lafuente y Zamalloa, Modesto
Spanish critic and historian, b. at Ravanal de los Caballeros, 1 May, 1806; d. at Madrid, 25 Oetober, 1866.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08740c.htm
Lamont, Johann von
Astronomer and physicist, b. 13 Dec., 1805, at Braemar in Scotland, near Balmoral Castle; d.. 6 Aug., 1879, at Bogenhausen near Munich, Bavaria.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08766b.htm
Lamus
A titular see of Isauria, suffragan of Seleucia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08771b.htm
Langhorne, Blessed Richard
English martyr, b. about 1635, d. at Tyburn, 14 July, 1679.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08789a.htm
La Verna
An isolated mountain hallowed by association with St. Francis of Assisi, situated in the centre of the Tuscan Appenines, and rising about 4000 feet above the valley of the Casentino.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15358a.htm
Lazarus of Bethany, Saint
Reputed first Bishop of Marseilles, died in the second half of the first century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09097a.htm
Liszt, Franz
Pianist and composer. (1811-1886)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09285b.htm
Lanciano and Ortona
Lanciano is a small city in the province of Chieti, in the Abruzzi, Central Italy, between the Pescara and the Trigni, with a majestic view of Mount Maiella.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08774b.htm
Lamy, Bernard
Oratorian, b. at Le Mans, France, in June, 1640; d. at Rouen, 29 Jan., 1715.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08771c.htm
Lanfranco, Giovanni
Decorative painter, b. at Parma, 1581, d. in Rome, 1647.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08786a.htm
Laurence O'Toole, Saint
Irish confessor. (1128-1180)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09091b.htm
Leptis Magna
A titular see of Tripolitana.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09185a.htm
Laprade, Victor de
French poet and critic, b. at Montbrison in 1812; d. at Lyons in 1883.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09001a.htm
Laplace, Pierre-Simon
Mathematician and astronomer. (1749-1827)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08796a.htm
Lanterns, Altar
Used in churches to protect the altar candles and lamp, if the latter for any reason, such as a draught, cannot be kept lit.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01354c.htm
Lanspergius
Carthusian monk and ascetical writer, b. at Landsberg in Bavaria 1489, d. at Cologne, 11 Aug., 1539.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08793a.htm
Lutzk, Zhitomir, and Kamenetz, Diocese of
Diocese located in Little Russia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09463b.htm
Langen, Rudolph von
Humanist and divine, b. at the village of Everswinkel, near Munster, Westphalia, 1438 or 1439; d. at Munster, 25 Dec., 1519.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08787b.htm
Lasaulx, Ernst von
Scholar and philosopher, born at Coblenz, 16 March, 1805; died at Munich, 9 May, 1861.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09010a.htm
Langley, Richard
Layman and martyr, b. probably at Grimthorpe, Yorks, England, date unknown; d. at York, 1 Dec., 1586.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08789b.htm
Langham, Simon
Cardinal, Archbishop of Canterbury and Chancellor of England, b. at Langham in Rutland; d. at Avignon, France, 22 July, 1376.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08788b.htm
Labour and Labour Legislation
Labour is work done by mind or body either partly or wholly for the purpose of producing utilities.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08719a.htm
Lapparent, Albert Auguste de
French geologist, b. at Bourges, 30 Dec., 1839; d. at Paris, 12 May, 1908.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08799a.htm
Lassus, Orlandus de
Composer, born at Mons, Hainault, Belgium, in 1520 (according to most biographers; but his epitaph gives 1532); died at Munich, 14 June, 1594.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09011c.htm
Louis Bertrand, Saint
Canonized by Clement X in 1671. Feast is observed on 10 October.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09376b.htm
Loja, Diocese of
Suffragan of Quito, Ecuador, includes the greater part of the Provinces of Loja and El Oro.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09332b.htm
Last Supper, The
The Evangelists and critics generally agree that the Last Supper was on a Thursday, that Christ suffered and died on Friday, and that He arose from the dead on Sunday.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/14341a.htm
Latin, Ecclesiastical
The Latin in the official textbooks of the Church (the Bible and the Liturgy), as well as in the works of those Christian writers of the West who have undertaken to expound or defend Christian beliefs.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09019a.htm
Lantern
In Italian or modern architecture, a small structure on the top of a dome, for the purpose of admitting light, for promoting ventilation, and for ornament.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08793b.htm
Lapsi
The regular designation in the third century for Christians who relapsed into heathenism, especially for those who during the persecutions displayed weakness in the face of torture, and denied the Faith by sacrificing to the heathen gods or by any other acts.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09001b.htm
Lamuel
Name of a king mentioned in Prov., xxxi, 1 and 4, but otherwise unknown.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08771a.htm
Laranda
A titular see of Isauria, afterwards of Lycaonia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09003b.htm
Luke Kirby, Blessed
(Catholic Encyclopedia)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15630d.htm
Lambert, Louis A.
Priest and journalist. (1835-1910)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16050c.htm
Litany of the Holy Name
Does not give the text of the litany itself, but mentions many of the titles of Jesus Christ.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09290a.htm
La Richardie, Armand de
Born at Perigueux, 7 June, 1686; died at Quebec, 17 March, 1758. He entered the Society of Jesus at Bordeaux, 4 Oct., 1703, and in 1725 was sent to the Canada mission.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09003d.htm
Lamps, Early Christian
Of the various classes of remains from Christian antiquity there is probably none so numerously represented as that of small clay lamps adorned with Christian symbols.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08770a.htm
La Fayette, Marie Madeleine Pioche de la Vergne, Comtesse de
Author of memoirs and novels, born in Paris, 1634; died there, 1693.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08738b.htm
Lateran Councils
A series of five important councils held at Rome from the twelfth to the sixteen century.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09016a.htm
Lampsacus
A titular see of Hellespont, suffragan of Cyzicus.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08770b.htm
Laurentie, Pierre-Sébastien
French publicist. (1793-1876)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09039b.htm
Larino
Diocese in the province of Capmobasso, Southern Italy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09004a.htm
Laski, John
Archbishop of Gnesen and Primate of Poland, b. at Lask, 1456; d. at Gnesen, 19 May, 1531.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09011a.htm
Lindisfarne, Ancient Diocese and Monastery of
The island of Lindisfarne lies some two miles off the Northumberland coast, nine and one-half miles southeast of the border-town of Berwick.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09269a.htm
La Salette
Located in the commune and parish of La Salette-Fallavaux, Canton of Corps, Department of Isere, and Diocese of Grenoble.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09008b.htm
Leander of Seville, Saint
Bishop of that city, b. at Carthage about 534, of a Roman family established in that city; d. at Seville, 13 March, 600 or 601.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09102a.htm
Loreto, Holy House of
Since the fifteenth century, and possibly even earlier, it has been numbered among the most famous shrines of Italy.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/13454b.htm
Little Office of Our Lady
A liturgical devotion to the Blessed Virgin, in imitation of, and in addition to, the Divine Office.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09294a.htm
Lares
Formerly a titular archiepiscopal see in pro-consular Africa.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09003c.htm
La Salle, John Baptist de, Saint
Founder of the Christian Brothers.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08444a.htm
Lausanne and Geneva
Diocese in Switzerland, immediately subject to the Holy See.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09040a.htm
Lateran Council, First
It put a stop to the arbitrary conferring of ecclesiastical benefices by laymen, reestablished freedom of episcopal and abbatial elections, separated spiritual from temporal affairs, and ratified the principle that spiritual authority can emanate only from the Church; lastly it tacitly abolished the exorbitant claim of the emperors to interfere in papal elections.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09016b.htm
Lateran Council, Second
To efface the last vestiges of the schism, to condemn various errors and reform abuses among clergy and people Innocent, in the month of April, 1139, convoked, at the Lateran, the tenth ecumenical council.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09017a.htm
Lateran Council, Third
In September, 1178, the pope in agreement with an article of the Peace of Venice, convoked an ecumenical council at the Lateran for Lent of the following year and, with that object, sent legates to different countries.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09017b.htm
Lateran Council, Fourth
From the commencement of his reign Innocent III had purposed to assemble an ecumenical council, but only towards the end of his pontificate could he realize this project, by the Bull of 19 April, 1213. The assembly was to take place in November, 1215.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09018a.htm
Latreille, Pierre-André
A prominent French zoologist; born at Brives, 29 November, 1762; died in Paris, 6 February, 1833.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09035b.htm
Lanzi, Luigi
An Italian archeologist, b. at Mont Olmo, near Macerata, in 1732; d. at Florence in 1810.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08793c.htm
Lancelotti, Giovanni Paolo
Canonist, b. at Perugia in 1522; d. there, 23 September, 1590.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08774a.htm
Line, Saint Anne
A convert to Catholicism, was hanged in 1601 for the (unproven) crime of harboring a priest. She is one of the Forty Martyrs of England and Wales.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09270b.htm
Larue, Charles de
He took the habit of St. Benedict in the Abbey of St. Faro at Meaux, and made his religious profession on 21 Nov., 1703.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09007b.htm
Latria
In classical Greek originally meant "the state of a hired servant" (Aesch., "Prom.", 966), and so service generally. It is used especially for Divine service (Plato, "Apol.", 23 B). In Christian literature it came to have a technical sense for the supreme honour due to His servants, the angels and saints.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09036a.htm
Lazarus of Jerusalem, Order of Saint
The military order of St. Lazarus of Jerusalem originated in a leper hospital founded in the twelfth century by the crusaders of the Latin Kingdom.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09096b.htm
Latin Church
The Latin Church is simply that vast portion of the Catholic body which obeys the Latin patriarch, which submits to the pope, not only in papal, but also in patriarchal matters.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09022a.htm
Lacy, Blessed William
Sixteenth-century English priest.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15631b.htm
Lord's Prayer
Although the Latin term oratio dominica is of early date, the phrase "Lord's Prayer" does not seem to have been generally familiar in England before the Reformation. During the Middle Ages the "Our Father" was always said in Latin, even by the uneducated. Hence it was then most commonly known as the Pater noster.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09356a.htm
Liturgy of the Hours
This expression signifies etymologically a duty accomplished for God; in virtue of a Divine precept it means, in ecclesiastical language, certain prayers to be recited at fixed hours of the day or night by priests, religious, or clerics, and, in general, by all those obliged by their vocation to fulfil this duty.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11219a.htm
Louis-Marie Grignion de Montfort, Saint
French priest. (1673-1716)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09384a.htm
Le Blant, Edmond-Frederic
French archeologist and historian, born 12 August, 1818; died 5 July, 1897 at Paris.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09105b.htm
Latrocinium
The Acts of the first session of this synod were read at the Council of Chalcedon, 451, and have thus been preserved. The remainder of the Acts are known only through a Syriac translation by a Monophysite monk, published from the British Museum MS. Addit. 14,530, written in the year 535.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05495a.htm
La Trappe
Abbey of the Order of Reformed Cistercians.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09035a.htm
Law, Natural
In English this term is frequently employed as equivalent to the laws of nature, meaning the order which governs the activities of the material universe. Among the Roman jurists natural law designated those instincts and emotions common to man and the lower animals, such as the instinct of self-preservation and love of offspring.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09076a.htm
Lanigan, John
Irish Church historian. (1758-1825)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/16051a.htm
Lataste, Marie
Born at Mimbaste near Dax, France, 21 February, 1822; died at Rennes, 10 May, 1847; was the youngest child of simple pious peasants.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09012a.htm
Law, Canon
Canon law is the body of laws and regulations made by or adopted by ecclesiastical authority, for the government of the Christian organization and its members.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09056a.htm
Laura
The Greek word laura is employed by writers from the end of the fifth century to distinguish the monasteries of Palestine of the semi-eremitical type. The word signifies a narrow way or passage, and in later times the quarter of a town.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09039a.htm
Laverlochère, Jean-Nicolas
Missionary, born at St. Georges d'Espérance, Grenoble, France, 6 December, 1812; died at Temiscaming, Canada, 4 October, 1884.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09050c.htm
La Rochejacquelein, Henri-Auguste-Georges du Vergier, Comte de
French politician, b. at the château of Citran (Fironde), on 28 September, 1805; d. on 7 January, 1867.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09005b.htm
Lavigerie, Charles-Martial-Allemand
French cardinal, b. at Huire near Bayonne, 13 Oct., 1825; d. at Algiers, 27 Nov., 1892.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09050d.htm
Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem
Founded as a result of the First Crusade, in 1099. Destroyed a first time by Saladin in 1187, it was re-established around Saint-Jean d'Acre and maintained until the capture of that city in 1291.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08361a.htm
Leon
Provides history and geography of the area.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09175a.htm
Lauda Sion
The opening words (used as a title of the sequence composed by St. Thomas Aquinas, about the year 1264, for the Mass of Corpus Christi.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09036b.htm
Last Judgment, The
To it the prophets of the Old Testament refer when they speak of the "Day of the Lord" (Joel 2:31; Ezekiel 13:5; Isaiah 2:12), in which the nations will be summoned to judgment. In the New Testament the second Parusia, or coming of Christ as Judge of the world, is an oft-repeated doctrine.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08552a.htm
Lay Abbot
A name used to designate a layman on whom a king or someone in authority bestowed an abbey as a reward for services rendered.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09092a.htm
Lay Communion
Speaking generally, the expression "lay communion" does not necessarily imply the idea of the Eucharist, but only the condition of a layman in communion with the Church.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09093b.htm
Lay Confession
This article does not deal with confession by laymen but with that made to laymen, for the purpose of obtaining the remission of sins by God.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09094a.htm
Lebwin, Saint
Apostle of the Frisians. (d. 770)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09106b.htm
Lacey, Blessed Brian
(Catholic Encyclopedia)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/15611b.htm
La Chaise, François d'Aix de
Confessor of King Louis XIV, born at the mansion of Aix, in Forez, Department of Loire, 25 August, 1624; died at Paris, 20 January, 1709.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08732b.htm
Leo Diaconus
Byzantine historian; b. at Kaloe, at the foot of Mount Tmolos, in Ionia, about the year 950; the year of his death is unknown.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09174b.htm
Law, Cemeteries in
Includes information concerning the laws in the United States and Canada.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03508a.htm
Le Coz, Claude
French bishop, b. at Plouévez-Parzay (Finistère), 1740; d. at Villevieux (Jura), 1813.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09109c.htm
Lamoignon, Family of
Illustrious in the history of the old magistracy, originally from Nivernais.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08766a.htm
Le Caron, Joseph
One of the four pioneer missionaries of Canada and first missionary to the Hurons (q.v.), b. near Paris in 1586; d. in France, 29 March, 1632.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09107c.htm
Lavabo
The first word of that portion of Psalm 25 said by the celebrant at Mass while he washes his hands after the Offertory, from which word the whole ceremony is named.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09044b.htm
Lallemant, Jacques-Philippe
French Jesuit, b. at St-Valéry-sur-Somme about 1660; d. at Paris 1748.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08752d.htm
Lehnin, Abbey of
Founded in 1180 by Otto II, Margrave of Brandenburg, for Cistercian monks.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09134a.htm
Laws, Penal
This article treats of the penal legislation affecting Catholics in English-speaking countries since the Reformation.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/11611c.htm
Legrand, Louis
French theologian and noted doctor of the Sorbonne, b. in Burgundy at Lusigny-sur-Ouche, 12 June, 1711, d. at Issy (Paris), 21 July, 1780.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09133a.htm
Le Mercier, François
One of the early missionaries of New France, b. at Paris, 4 October, 1604; d. in the island of Martinique, 12 June, 1690.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09146b.htm
Lamb (in Early Christian Symbolism)
One of the few Christian symbols dating from the first century is that of the Good Shepherd carrying on His shoulders a lamb or a sheep, with two other sheep at his side.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08755b.htm
Lazarus
The name of two persons in the N.T.; a character in one of Christ's parables, and the brother of Martha and Mary of Bethania.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09096a.htm
Lebanon
So called from the snow which covers the highest peaks during almost the entire year, or from the limestone which glistens white in the distance.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09104a.htm
Lockwood, Blessed John
Short biographical article on the English priest and martyr.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09322a.htm
Lavérendrye, Pierre Gaultier de Varennes, Sieur de
Discoverer of the Canadian West, born at Three Rivers, Quebec, 17 November, 1685; died at Montreal, 6 December, 1749.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09050b.htm
Lauzon, Pierre de
A noted missionary of New France in the eighteenth century, born at Poitiers, 26 September, 1687; died at Quebec, 5 September, 1742.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09044a.htm
Latini, Brunetto
Florentine philosopher and statesman, born at Florence, c. 1210; the son of Buonaccorso Latini, died 1294.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09034a.htm
Lambeck, Peter
Historian and librarian, b. at Hamburg, 13 April 1628; d. at Vienna, 4 April, 1680.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08756a.htm
Lateran, Saint John
This is the oldest, and ranks first among the four great "patriarchal" basilicas of Rome.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09014b.htm
Lascaris, Janus
A noted Greek scholar, born about 1445; died at Rome in 1535.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09010c.htm
Lebrun, Charles
French historical painter, born in Paris, 1619; died at the Gobelin tapestry works, 1690.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09106a.htm
Le Fèvre, Jacques
A French theologian and controversialist, b. at Lisieux towards the middle of the seventeenth century; d. 1 July, 1716, at Paris.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09113c.htm
Le Puy
Diocese in France.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09185b.htm
Lay Brothers
Religious occupied solely with manual labour and with the secular affairs of a monastery or friary.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09093a.htm
Lateran, Christian Museum of
Established by Pius IX in 1854, in the Palazzo del Laterano erected by Sixtus V on the part of the site of the ancient Lateran palace destroyed by fire in 1308. In 1843 the "profane" Museum of the Lateran was founded by Gregory XVI, in whose pontificate also was mooted the idea of establishing a museum of Christian antiquities in the same edifice.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09014a.htm
Lecce
Diocese; suffragan of Otranto.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09107d.htm
Le Camus, Etienne
French cardinal, b. at Paris, 1632; d. at Grenoble, 1707.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09107b.htm
Lecoy de La Marche
French historian; b. at Nemours, 1839; d. at Paris, 1897.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09109b.htm
Legends of the Saints
The legenda are stories about the saints, and often include a mix of historical fact and unhistorical embellishments.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09128a.htm
Lavoisier, Antoine-Laurent
Chemist, philosopher, economist. (1743-1794)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09052a.htm
Lefèvre de la Boderie, Guy
French Orientalist and poet; b. near Falaise in Normandy, 9 August, 1541; d. in 1598 in the house in which he was born.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09114a.htm
Laodicea
A titular see, of Asia Minor, metropolis of Phrygia Pacatiana, said to have been originally called Diospolis and Rhoas; Antiochus II colonized it between 261 and 246 B.C., and gave it the name of his wife, Laodice.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08794a.htm
Lector
A lector (reader) in the West is a clerk having the second of the four minor orders. In all Eastern Churches also, readers are ordained to a minor order preparatory to the diaconate.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09111a.htm
Laval, François de Montmorency
First bishop of Canada, b. at Montigny-sur-Avre, 30 April, 1623, of Hughes de Laval and Michelle de Péricard; d. at Quebec on 6 May, 1708.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09045a.htm
Lectionary
A term of somewhat vague significance, used with a good deal of latitude by liturgical writers.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09110b.htm
League of the Cross
A Catholic total abstinence confraternity founded in London in 1873 by Cardinal Manning to unite Catholics, both clergy and laity, in the warfare against intemperance, and thus improve religious, social, and domestic conditions, especially among the working classes.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09101a.htm
Le Gobien, Charles
French Jesuit and founder of the famous collection of "Lettres édifiantes et curieuses", one of the most important sources of information for the history of Catholic missions, b. at StÂMalo, Brittany, 25 November, 1671; d. at Paris, 5 March, 1708.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09132a.htm
Lebedus
Titular see of Asia Minor, suffragan of Ephesus.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09105a.htm
Leo II, Pope Saint
Reigned 682-683.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09157a.htm
La Rochelle
The Diocese of La Rochelle (Rupellensis), suffragan of Bordeaux, comprises the entire Department of Charente-Inférieure.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09006a.htm
La Salle, René-Robert-Cavelier, Sieur de
Explorer, born at Rouen, 1643; died in Texas, 1687.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09009b.htm
Leghorn
City in Italy. Suffragan of Pisa.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09131a.htm
Ledochowski, Miecislas Halka
Polish cardinal. (1822-1902)
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09111b.htm
Lot
Nephew of Abraham.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09366a.htm
Lateran Council, Fifth
Convoked, by the Bull of 18 July, 1511, to assemble 19 April, 1512, in the church of St. John Lateran.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09018b.htm
Langénieux, Benoit-Marie
Cardinal, Archbishop of Reims, b. at Villefranche-sur-Saône, Department of Rhône, 1824; d. at Reims, 1 Jan., 1905.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08788a.htm
Leibniz, System of
A thorough overview of the life and views of Leibniz, from this 1910 reference work.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09134b.htm
Lennig, Adam Franz
Theologian, b. 3 Dec., 1803, at Mainz; d. there, 22 Nov., 1866.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09150b.htm
Law
By law in the widest sense is understood that exact guide, rule, or authoritative standard by which a being is moved to action or held back from it.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09053a.htm
La Bruyère, Jean de
Born at Paris in 1645; died at Chantilly in 1696. He was the son of a comptroller general of municipal revenue.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08728a.htm
Lace
The two earliest known specimens of lace-worked linen albs are that of St. Francis, preserved at St. Clare's convent, Assisi, and the alb of Pope Boniface VIII, now in the treasury of the Sistine Chapel.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08729b.htm
Lactantius, Lucius Cæcilius Firmianus
Fourth-century Christian apologist.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08736a.htm
League, The
From a religious point of view it aimed at supporting Catholicism in France politically at restoring the "ancient franchises and liberties" against the royal power.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09098b.htm
Legitimation
The canonical term for the act by which the irregularity contracted by being born out of lawful wedlock is removed.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09131e.htm
League, German
Early in 1608 Duke Maximilian started negotiations with the spiritual electors and some of the Catholic states of the empire, with a view to the formation of a union of the Catholic states.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09100a.htm
Leo XI, Pope
Reigned 1605.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/09166a.htm
Lafitau, Joseph-Françs
Jesuit missionary and writer, born at Bordeaux, France, 1 January, 1681; died there, 1746.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08739a.htm
La Paz
Diocese in Bolivia.
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/08795a.htm
Lectern
Support for a book, reading-desk, or bookstand, a solid and permanent structure upon which the Sacred Books, which were generally large and heavy, were placed when used by the ministers of the altar in liturgical functions.
http://www.newadvent.org
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