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HistoryHistory is often used as a generic term for information about the past, such as in "geologic history of the Earth." When used as the name of a field of study, history means human history, which is the recorded memory of past human societies.
The term history comes from the Greek historia, "an account of one's inquiries," and shares that etymology with the English word story. Some feminist scholars instead use the term herstory for the word history.
Historians use many types of sources, including written or printed records, interviews (oral history), and archaeology. Different approaches may be more common in some periods than others, and the study of history has its fads and fashions (see historiography, the history of history). The events that occurred prior to human records are known as prehistory.
Knowledge of history is often said to encompass both knowledge of past events and historical thinking skills.
See also: History of the world
Classifications
A very large amount of historical information is available in Wikipedia, and several different ways of classifying it are given below.
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History classified by location
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History classified by date:
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Academic classification
Miscellaneous classifications
(Not necessarily part of academic history studies)
Ideological classifications
Although certain amount of bias in history studies is inescapable, national bias being probably the most important, history can also be studied from a narrow ideological perspective, perhaps one that the practitioners feel is usually ignored. For example:
- Marxist history;
- Feminist history (also called herstory);
A form of historical speculation known commonly as virtual history (also called "counterfactual history") been adopted by some historians as a means of assessing and exploring the possible outcomes if certain events had not occurred or had occurred in a different way to that which they did. This is somewhat similar to the alternative history genre in fiction.
You may also want to see dubious historical resources and historical myths for a list of false beliefs and histories which were once or are now popular and widespread, but which are proven to be false or dubious.
Guidelines for history on Wikipedia can be found at Wikipedia:History.
See also
External links
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Biz/ed Chronologies Chronologies prepared by Barclays Bank Economics Department covering national (UK) and international events of significance to the economy from the last quarter of 1997 through to the present. There are also pages providing the key facts from the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. http://bized.ac.uk/dataserv/chron/
BusinessPhilosophy.com Studying the classics and great books in the context of the history of business. http://businessphilosophy.com
American Currency Exhibit The Federal Reserve Bank of San Francisco's online exhibit of historical American Currency http://www.frbsf.org/currency/index.html
Celebrating the Birth of Texas Oil Article about the discovery of oil Texas, the development of the oil industry and its economic impact in the early 20th century. http://www.texas-ec.org/tcp/101oil.html
BPubs.com - Economic History Publications A collection of business articles related to Economic History. http://www.bpubs.com/Economics/Economic_History/
History Productions A history consulting firm that helps clients use history to improve strategic planning, marketing, branding, corporate communications, anniversary planning and corporate culture. http://www.historyproductions.com/
Money Museum A virtual museum about money in civilization, from antiquity to the present. http://www.moneymuseum.com/index_english.html
The Avalon Project : Charter of the Dutch West India Company : 1621 Full text of the Charter of the Dutch West India Company, 1621. http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/westind.htm
The Coins and History of Asia Information and scans of over 1100 coins http://www.grifterrec.com/coins/coins.html
History of Money from Ancient Times to the Present Day Money in its social, political, and economic context from the dawn of history to the end of the 20th century. http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/llyfr.html
The Leslie Brock Center for the Study of Colonial Currency Specializing in information about the paper moneyof the American colonies. http://www.virginia.edu/~econ/brock.html
Trade Products in Early Modern History Indigo, tulips, beaver, and Brazilwood. http://www.bell.lib.umn.edu/Products/Products.html
The Basics of Business History: 100 Events That Shaped a Century A timeline of significant events in business during the 20th century from TheStreet.com. http://www.thestreet.com/basics/countdown/747965.html
Mercantilism Brief history of merchantilism. http://mars.acnet.wnec.edu/~grempel/courses/wc2/lectures/mercantilism.html
Singapore. Socio-economic development . Singapore An essay - recent history (1960-1980)- on the subject of the socio-economic development of the city-state Singapore - socio development http://www.cranendonk.com/singapore.htm
Current Value of Old Money Links to inflation statistics, price indexes, and sources of data on changes in the value of money. http://www.ex.ac.uk/~RDavies/arian/current/howmuch.html
Guide to Business History Resources - Library of Congress A guide to print and online resources for business history research. http://lcweb.loc.gov/rr/business/guide/sharp13.html
Euro-Business-History Discussion List Devoted to scholarly discussion of business history in the UK and elsewhere in Europe. http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/euro-business-history/
Costs and Wages in Great Britain Shows what a pence, shilling, and pound was actually worth throughout the history of Great Britain. http://www.geocities.com/RodeoDrive/7503/greatbritainmoney.html
Treasure and Prices in Spain 1505-1650 Provide statistics to test the idea that the price level is related to the inflow of treasure into the Spanish economy. http://www.sjsu.edu/faculty/watkins/spgold.htm
Value of a Shilling in 1860 Provides formula for calculating how much a shilling is worth in today's economy. http://www.regiments.org/wombats/classics/CKSHILLG.TXT
The Bubble Project A collaborative and interdisciplinary research initiative on the subject of the South Sea Bubble, the first great stock-market crash of 1720. http://is.dal.ca/~dmcneil/bubble.html
Spindletop Brief history of the first oil gusher in the continental United States in 1901. http://db1.ledbettersystems.com/legendary/legdetail.asp?Tex_ID=111
Transatlantic Cable Communications History of the first transatlantic cables linking Britain and North America, the socio-economic impacts, famous messages such as the messages from the Titanic, photos, sound and video files, glossary. http://collections.ic.gc.ca/cable/
Technological Innovation in New Zealand The site tells stories about the technologies important to the New Zealand economy in the 20th Century. Most of these technologies were identified by the end of the First World War. http://www.techhistory.co.nz/
Economics, Coins and Taxes Articles on accounting, money, taxation, and other aspects of economics in antiquity. http://ancienthistory.about.com/cs/economics/index.htm
Tax History Foundation and Museum, Inc. The foundation's mission is to encourage the study of accounting, commercial and economic history. http://www.taxhistoryfoundation.com
Merrimack Films - Features on Labor History Merrimack Films was founded in 1983 to produce and distribute films and videos on labor relations. http://www.merrimack-films.com/history.html
A History of Money A general review of the historical development of coinage. http://www.mintmark.com/moneyhistory.htm
WIDER Home Page The United Nations University website. Provides links to download the World Income Inequality database. http://www.wider.unu.edu/
Martha Matilda Harper - Business Revolutionary Martha Matilda Harper Biography http://www.MarthaMatildaHarper.com/
Management-History Discussion List Supports critical and scholarly discussion, reflection and research in the area of management and administrative history. http://www.mailbase.ac.uk/lists/management-history/
History of Finnish Industry Brief history of Finnish business and industry. http://virtual.finland.fi/finfo/english/teollisuus.html
Business History Bibliography A categorized and annotated list of selected cross discipline information sources for doing research on the history of business. Prepared by the University of Maryland Libraries. http://www.lib.umd.edu/UMCP/MCK/GUIDES/business_history.html
The Sodfather: A Friend of Agriculture in North Carolina Exhibition celebrating the career of North Carolina Commissioner of Agriculture, Jim Graham served in that office from 1964 to 2000. Documents Graham's career and reveals the positive societal impact of an inspired public official. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/archives/exhibits/sodfather/
Business History Large resource of histories and stories of American business, including audio and video archives, academic and corporate articles, and "fun facts." http://www.businesshistory.net/
SCETI: Corporate Annual Reports This site contains facsimiles of historic corporate annual reports from the Lippincott Library collection at the University of Pennsylvania. http://oldsite.library.upenn.edu/etext/collections/lippincott/
ChroKnowledge - Preserving America's Corporate History Commercial enterprise offering services to preserve and chronicle perishable historical assets. Consultation services include using these assets in marketing and communication initiatives, development of virtual museums and deployment of historical assets using a digital asset management system. http://www.chroknowledge.com
Slouching Towards Utopia - Old Draft An economic history of the 20th Century. http://econ161.berkeley.edu/TCEH/Slouch_Old.html
1987 Stock Market Crash Page A look back at the 1987 stock market crash. Provides a description of the event, charts, and an account of the causes they may have led to the 23% decline. http://www.lope.ca/markets/1987.html
History House: Stories: Tulipomania Article discussing the historical value of tulip bulbs. http://www.historyhouse.com/in_history/tulip/
After Spindletop, Everything Changed Brief history of the Lucas gusher at Spindletop, the well that began the oil boom in the U.S. http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2001/02feb/spindletop_story.html
The Working-Class Owner-Occupied House Of The 1930s A brief history of the growth of housing in the United Kingdom including the economic, political and social history surrounding its development in the 1930's http://www.thesis.clara.net
The History Mechanics New classification of an economic crisis: stagflation and overproduction. Virrual money. Flaws of the comparative advantage theory. Laws for evolution of economic and political systems. http://www.geocities.com/historymech/
History of the Banking Industry Published by the FDIC, with statistical information starting in 1934, a list of failed banks, and history of deposit insurance. http://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/history/
Wall Street Museum Presents galleries of art, architecture, and history of investing and finance, including editorial cartoons and sketches of buildings. http://66.70.245.136/museum/
Sears Archives More than 100 years of stories, product and brand histories,and photographs are now available online. http://www.searsarchives.com
Spindletop History of the first oil gusher near Beaumont, Texas drilled by Anthony Lucas. http://sln.fi.edu/fellows/fellow2/jan99/spindletop.html
Banknotes of Different Countries (In Past and Now) Images of currency of Ukraine, Austria, Brasil, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Yugoslavia, USA, Greece, Singapore, and other countries. http://www.geocities.com/prysjan/in_91.html
How Much is That Worth Today? Interactive tool to compare the purchasing power of money in the United States (or colonies) from any year to any other year from the 1600s to today. http://www.eh.net/ehresources/howmuch/dollarq.php
Abstracts in the History of Economics Provides a forum for economic historians to share information about their works. http://cs.muohio.edu/~HisEcSoc/abstracts/index.shtml
Latin American Colonial Economic History Provides essays, databases, and bibliography for those interested in economic history of Spanish & Portuguese colonial America. http://www.laceh.com
An Analysis of the Communist Manifesto A synopsis, analysis and a downloadable copy of the Communist Manifesto along with a short biography of Marx and Engels. http://www.indepthinfo.com/communist-manifesto/index.shtml
The 19th Century Stock Price Project Source of stock market data from North American stock exchanges of the nineteenth century. http://hometown.aol.com/thkalinke/homepage/19CSPP.html
Journal of Markets & Morality A peer reviewed journal promoting the intellectual exploration of the relationship between economics and morality from both social science and theological perspectives. http://www.marketsandmorality.com/
Business History On-Line H-Business is an on-line newsletter for the Business History Conference. http://www.h-net.msu.edu/~business
Tax History Project Provides scholars, policymakers, students, the media, and citizens with information about the history of American taxation. The project pursues its mission through a program of web-based documentary publication and original historical research. http://www.taxhistory.org/
History of Economics Resources for historians of economic thought provided by EH.Net and the History of Economics Society. http://www.eh.net/
History of the Credit Card Starting with the first credit card, issued in 1951. http://www.didyouknow.cd/creditcards.htm
Did You Know? Briefly traces the development of products that took 100 years to get from the idea stage to the marketplace. http://www.didyouknow.cd/firstfax.htm
Museum of American Financial History Online exhibits and resources chronicling the role of finance and capital markets in American history. http://www.financialhistory.org/
The History of the Dow Jones Averages Information about how Charles Dow devised the now famous stock averages and a chronology of their activity from 1884 to 1995. http://www.cftech.com/BrainBank/FINANCE/DowJonesAvgsHist.html
Center for International Business History, University of Reading News about business history research and information about the center. http://www.rdg.ac.uk/CIBH/
World Wide Web Virtual Library: Labour and Business History Web directory of organizations, archives, libraries, museums, research institutions and resources around the world in the field of labour and business history. http://www.iisg.nl/~w3vl/index.html#new
Brain Bank - The Oldest Companies The ten oldest companies in the U.S. by Rank. http://www.cftech.com/BrainBank/CORPORATEADMINISTRATION/OldestCos.html
Directory of Corporate Archives in the United States and Canada An online directory of archives and other repositories of historical corporate records. Includes directory of professional associations for corporate and industrial archivists. http://www.hunterinformation.com/corporat.htm
Dutch National Accounts, 1800-1913 Analysis of the development of the Dutch Economy in the period 1800-1913. Dutch GNP and its components. Historical statistics. http://nationalaccounts.niwi.knaw.nl
Beyond Face Value - Depictions of Slavery in Confederate Currency Online exhibit focusing on slavery depicted in money notes issued and circulated in the South during the Antebellum, Civil War, and Reconstruction Era. http://www.lib.lsu.edu/cwc/BeyondFaceValue/index.htm
History of the Eighties - Lessons for the Future A study prepared by the FDIC's Division of Research and Statistics presents a detailed analysis of the complex combination of causes that led to the extraordinary number of bank failures in the 1980s and early 1990s. http://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/history/contents.html
History of Economic Thought A repository of links and information on the history of economic thought, from the ancient times until the modern day, designed for those interested in learning about economics from a historical perspective. http://cepa.newschool.edu/het/
Labour and Business History - WWW Virtual Library Resources around the world in the field of labour and business history. http://www.iisg.nl/~w3vl/vl-res.html#lab
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