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I. F. StoneIsador Feinstein Stone (better known as I.F. Stone) (December 24, 1907 – July 17, 1989) was an iconoclastic American investigative journalist best known for his influential political newsletter, I.F. Stone's Weekly .
Stone was born in Philadelphia. His parents were Russian Jewish immigrants who owned a store in Haddonfield, New Jersey. He studied philosophy at the University of Pennsylvania, and as a student he wrote for the Philadelphia Inquirer.
After leaving university he joined the Camden Courier-Post. Influenced by the work of Jack London, Stone became a radical journalist. In the 1930s he played an active role in the Popular Front opposition to Hitler.
Stone moved to the New York Post in 1933 and during this period supported Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal. His first book, The Court Disposes (1937), was a defence of Roosevelt's attempt to expand the US Supreme Court.
After leaving the New York Post in 1939, Stone became associate editor of The Nation. His next book, Business as Unusual (1941), was an attack on the country's failure to prepare for war. Underground to Palestine (1946) dealt with the migration of Eastern European Jews at the end of the Second World War.
In 1948 Stone joined the New York Star. Later he moved to the Daily Compass until it ceased publication in 1952. A critic of the emerging Cold War, Stone published the Hidden History of the Korean War that same year.
Inspired by the achievements of the muckracking journalist George Seldes and his political weekly, In Fact, Stone started his own political paper, I.F. Stone's Weekly in 1953. Over the next few years, Stone campaigned against McCarthyism and racial discrimination in the United States (in 1955, Stone's name was included in the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee's list of the 82 most active and typical sponsors of Communist fronts in the United States). In 1964 Stone was the only American journalist to challenge President Johnson's account of the Gulf of Tonkin incident.
During the 1960s Stone continued to criticize the Vietnam War. His newsletter enjoyed a circulation of 70,000 but in 1971 ill-health forced Stone to cease publication. After his retirement, he learned Ancient Greek and wrote a book about the trial and death of Socrates.
Quotes
"You may just think I am a red Jew son-of-a-bitch, but I'm keeping Thomas Jefferson alive." [on journalistic marginalization of him]
Books
- The Court Disposes (1937)
- Business as Unusual (1941)
- Underground to Palestine (1946)
- The Hidden History of the Korean War, 1950-1951 (1952)
- The War Years, 1939-1945
- The Truman Era, 1945-1952
- The Haunted Fifties (1969)
- Polemics and Prophecies, 1967-1970 (1970)
- The I.F. Stone's Weekly Reader (1973)
- The Trial of Socrates (1988)
External link
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The Lithics Site Extensive listing of links to information and resources of interest to lithic analysts and other archaeologists, maintained by Hugh W. Jarvis, University at Buffalo. http://wings.buffalo.edu/anthropology/Lithics
Artifact Images Images of a variety of stone tools generally organized by time period. http://www.dreamwater.com/paleopete/
The Dirt Brothers Collections of thousands of pictures of arrowheads and other lithics, mainly from Texas. http://www.dirtbrothers.org/
Lithic Technology A peer-reviewed journal concerned with dissemination knowledge about archaeological stone tools. http://www.cas.utulsa.edu/anthropology/lithictechnology/index.html
Neil's Texas Indian Artifacts Arrowheads and stone age tools. Archaic flint knives, axes, and spear points. http://www.angelfire.com/tx3/stone3/index.html
Donald's Indian Artifacts A collection of stone tools found in North Carolina over a 50 year period. http://polar.icestorm.com/arrowheads/
Oklahoma Stone Tools and Arrowheads Photographs of arrowheads and other artifacts from Northeastern Oklahoma. http://www.angelfire.com/ok4/artifacts/index.html
Mike's Artifact Collection Photographs of a personal collection of Native American artifacts. http://hometown.aol.com/mlcamp2031/index.html
Stone Age Reference Collection A reference program containing information about the typology, technology and raw materials and of the Stone Age. http://www.hf.uio.no/iakk/roger/lithic/sarc.html
Artifacts From The Southeast Skip Hutchison's collection of stone tools from Florida, Georgia, and Alabama. Includes brief descriptions of the artifacts. http://www.geocities.com/southeastartifacts/mypage.html
Method and Theory in Lithic Technology Information on a graduate seminar taught by M. Steven Shackley at the University of California, Berkeley. Features a metric scheme for Southwest Archaic projectile points, a bibliography for stone tools and links to related resources. http://obsidian.pahma.berkeley.edu/lithics/anth228.htm
FlintSource Searchable database of samples of flint and other siliceous raw materials collected by Rengert Elburg and Paul van der Kroft in Central Europe. Search by location or type. http://www.flintsource.net/
TECHAN: Technological Analysis A description of a methodology that characterizes the stone artifact assemblage by defining individual specimens relative to the idealized reductive sequence. http://imnh.isu.edu/stonetool/refrences/mantech.html
Lithics Glossary Definitions of terms commonly used in the study of lithic technology. http://members.aol.com/artgumbus/glossary.html
Stone Tool Typology Introduction to the classification of stone tools by form. http://www.hf.uio.no/iakk/roger/lithic/type.html
What is Lithic Analysis? Introduction to the analysis of stone artifacts. Features definitions of lithic artifact classes manufactured by chipping, grinding, or battering. http://www.sjc.cc.nm.us/arch/anlaysis.html
Northern Fluted Points Inventory, database, and bibliography of points from Alaska and Canada. Compiled by Georges A. Pearson. http://people.ku.edu/~ftgap
Projectile Point Types: Neverending Draft Bibliography Compiled by Michael Pfeiffer. http://www.mtsu.edu/~kesmith/TNARCHNET/Pubs/pointbib.html
Michael's Lithic Studies Group of research reports and links related to microwear analysis, flintknapping, raw material sourcing. http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Trails/5685/
Bieling & Psota, Archaeological Consultants A cultural resource management company based in Sonoma, California that specializes in the analysis of stone tools and obsidian hydration. Includes site and lithic technology reports. http://users.ap.net/~bpacs/
Gunner Jim's Arrowheads Pictures of a personal collection of arrowheads, spear points, and stone tools, found while surface artifact hunting in Middle and West Tennessee. http://home.earthlink.net/~jjerrolds/
Dirtdiggers.net Pictures of a personal collection of arrowheads from Missouri, arranged by time period. http://www.dirtdiggers.net
Embeddedness of Lithic Technology An article by Leland C. Bement that describes using stone tools to reconstruct Folsom mobility and subsistence practices on the Southern Plains. http://faculty-staff.ou.edu/B/Leland.C.Bement-1/Lithic%20Technology.html
Southern Ontario Projectile Points An illustrated typology with artifact descriptions presented by the London Chapter of the Ontario Archaeological Society. http://www.ssc.uwo.ca/assoc/oas/points/sopoints.html
Trans-Cascade Obsidian Procurement A report by Craig E. Skinner and Carol J. Winkler that describes the geochemical evidence of quarrying and transport in Western Oregon. http://www.peak.org/~skinncr/tcascade.html
Analysis of Flaked Stone Artifacts from Northern Chihuahua, Mexico An analysis of artifacts recovered during excavations at the late prehistoric site of Galeana, a Chihuahua, Mexico multistory adobe pueblo. http://www.unm.edu/~paquime/galeana/lithicanalysis/gallith.html
North American Paleoindian Projectile Point Database David G. Anderson and Michael K. Faught illustrate the spatial distribution of over 11,000 points found in the continental United States. http://www.anthro.fsu.edu/research/paleo/paleoind.html
Texas Arrowheads and Indian Artifacts Photo gallery of arrowhead and artifact types found in Texas with information provided on lithic technology. http://texasarrowheads.com
Stone Implements Article by R.V.S. Wright of the University of Sydney provides an overview of morphological features of flaked stone tools. Features definitions, photographs and illustrations. http://rubens.anu.edu.au/student.projects/tools/wright.html
Stone Tool Analysis Course University of Idaho course materials including hands on exercises and suggested readings. http://imnh.isu.edu/stonetool
Biploar Reduction: Variability or Chaos Ongoing experimental archaeology project, by Christopher Hardaker, on the causes of lithic variability and their possible misidentification. http://flashpages.prodigy.net/hardaker/
Digital Crabtree Paper presenting a computer simulation of Folsom fluting. By Tony Baker. http://www.ele.net/algor/crabtree/crabintr.htm
Lithic Casting Lab.Com Sells casts and pictures of projectile points. http://lithiccastinglab.com
Projectile Points and Methods of Dating Introduction to the methods of dating projectile points using artifacts from Texas as examples. http://www.utexas.edu/courses/wilson/ant304/projects/projects97/mciverp/ppdates.html
Indie's Page O' Points Collection of points from Texas. http://indiespageopoints.freeservers.com/
ArchNet - Lithics Categorized directory of annotated links. http://archnet.asu.edu/archnet/topical/lithic/lithic.html
Finding Arrowheads A basic guide to arrowhead hunting. http://www.nativewayonline.com/headpr~1.htm
Arroweb1 Photographs of a personal collection of stone tools from Arizona and Texas. http://members.tripod.com/arroweb1/
Texas Points: Typology Field guide with photographs and descriptions of many of the lithic types found in Texas. http://www.texaspoints.com/field_notes.htm
Archaeological Guide to Chert Types of East-Central Illinois Identification guide to the types of chert exploited by the prehistoric people of east-central Illinois. By Lenville J. Stelle and Thomas Duggan. http://virtual.parkland.edu//lstelle1/len/biface_guide/chert/documents/chert_types.html
Stone Artifacts of the North Carolina Piedmont An amateur archaeologist's look at lithic artifacts found in the North Carolina Piedmont. http://home.sprintmail.com/~dingodog/artifact.html
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