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Arctic
The Arctic is the area around the earth's North Pole. The Arctic includes parts of Russia, Alaska, Canada, Greenland, Lapland and Svalbard as well as the Arctic Ocean. The 10°C (50°F) July isotherm is commonly used to define the border of the Arctic region.
The Arctic is also known as the Land of the Midnight Sun as it is within the Arctic Circle.
The name '\Arctic' comes from the ancient Greek αρκτος, meaning 'bear', and is a reference to the constellations of the Great Bear and Little Bear, which are located near the North Star (which is actually part of the Little Bear).
During the Cold War, the Arctic region was extensively monitored by the United States military, since the first warnings of a Soviet Union nuclear strike would have been indicated by ICBMs launched over the North Pole towards the United States of America.
For military service within the Arctic Circle, the United States Navy issues a service decoration known as the Arctic Service Ribbon.
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National Science Foundation: Polar Research
NSF programs for support of scientific research in the Arctic and Antarctic.
http://www.nsf.gov/home/polar/start.htm
Arctic and Antarctic Regions
Resource for research on cold regions. General information, overview, and content.
http://www.nisc.com/factsheets/aar.htm
Scott Polar Research Institute
SPRI is a University of Cambridge research centre covering both the Arctic and Antarctic.
http://www.spri.cam.ac.uk/
National Institute of Polar Research
Japanese facility that researches polar meteorology, glaciology, oceanography, geology, marine and terrestrial biology, ecology, and Antarctic meteorites. Includes information on facilities, publications, and joint research.
http://www.nipr.ac.jp/
Essays on Arctic Environment
Essays on key environmental issues by respected Arctic scientists.
http://www.arctic.noaa.gov/essay.html
Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research
An interdisciplinary journal providing original research on the Polar regions. Includes abstracts, index, subscription information. It does not provide the full-text of articles.
http://www.Colorado.EDU/INSTAAR/arcticalpine/
National Snow and Ice Data Center
Information and referral center supporting polar and cryospheric research. Site includes education resources, the NSIDC data catalog and an image gallery.
http://nsidc.org/index.html
Byrd Polar Resesarch Center
Research focuses on the role of cold regions in the global climate system. Includes publications, conferences, links to related sites.
http://www-bprc.mps.ohio-state.edu/
Arctic Antarctic Research Center
Maintains an archive of more than 120, 000 satellite passes of the Earth's polar regions. The centre also provides data processing services to a wide variety of polar researchers.
http://arcane.ucsd.edu/
The Swedish Universities of Technology Libraries
Resource for polar research and cold region technology.
http://www.luth.se/foundations/coldtech/coldeel.html
National Science Foundation
Office of polar programs concerned with scientific research, and operational support of that research.
http://www.nsf.gov/od/opp/
Polar Biology
Springer scientific journal that presents results of all kinds of studies in plants, animals, and micro-organisms of marine, limnic and terrestrial habitats of arctic and antarctic regions.
http://link.springer.de/link/service/journals/00300/index.htm
Norwegian Polar Institute
Institution for research, environmental monitoring and mapping of the polar regions.
http://www.npolar.no/
The International Commission on Polar Meteorology
Focus for research into the meteorology and climatology of the Arctic and Antarctic.
http://www.nerc-bas.ac.uk/public/icd/icpm/
Operation Deep Freeze
Information and pictures on the use of US Navy Destroyer Escorts as weather picket ships from 1957 to 1968.
http://www.aspen-ridge.net/
Polar Climate Group
At the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University. Goals, staff, publications, research, and literature.
http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/polar/
Swedish Polar Research Secretariat
Governmental organisation under the Ministry of Education and Science with the mission to promote Swedish polar research by planning, organising and conducting research expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic regions. English/Swedish.
http://www.polar.se/eng/
Polar Research Board
Provides independent analysis to the federal government and the nation on matters of science and technology affecting public policy on research needs, environmental quality, natural resources, and other issues in the Arctic, the Antarctic, and cold regions in general.
http://www7.nationalacademies.org/prb/
The SINTEF Group
Polar technology programme from The Foundation for Scientific and Industrial Research at the Norwegian institute of technology.
http://www.sintef.no/
Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research
Conducts research in the Arctic, the Antarctic and at temperate latitudes. It coordinates Germany's polar research programme and provides other institutions with the facilities, equipment and logistics needed for polar expeditions.
http://www.awi-bremerhaven.de/index-e.html
Seaice.de
Sea ice concentration and cloud signature maps of polar areas.
http://www.seaice.de/
CNR - Polar Research Activity
Italian organization. Resources, collaborations, news, services, press, and relevant links.
http://www.polarnet.cnr.it/polar/
Centre for Polar Observation and Modelling
Based in London, Bristol and Cambridge, the Centre researches and studies processes at the Earth's Poles. Includes research projects, publications, seminars, meetings, conferences, links, contact details, staff lists.
http://www.cpom.org/
Teachers Experiencing Antarctica and the Arctic
Program that sponsors research experiences in the polar regions for U.S. elementary and secondary school teachers. Includes program information and journals and other reports from current and past participants.
http://tea.rice.edu/
Polar Pointers
Directory of web sites about the polar regions and related scientific topics.
http://polarmet.mps.ohio-state.edu/cgi-bin/genpp.cgi
Polar Ice Sheets, Melting, and Sea Level Change
Presentation by Michael Oppenheimer of Princeton University. Includes data, estimates, models and projections, discussion of key issues, graphs, photographs, and graphical representation of satellite altimeter measurements.
http://www.aaas.org/news/releases/2004/0615Oppenheimer.pdf
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