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Middlesbrough
Situated on the south bank of the Tees estuary. Noted for its ironworks and railway line. Includes brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITmiddlesbrough.htm
Richard Trevithick
Builder of steam locomotives. Includes brief biography, illustrations and selections from various writers. (1771-1833)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAtrevithick.htm
William Hedley
Produced steam locomotives, including Puffing Billy and Wylam Dilly. Includes brief biography and photo. (1779-1843)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAhedley.htm
William Jessop
Engineer involved in the Surrey Iron Railway project. Includes brief biography. (1745-1814)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAjessop.htm
Timothy Hackworth
Designer of steam locomotives. Includes brief biography and a drawing of his six-wheel engine, the Royal George. (1786-1850)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAhackworth.htm
John Blenkinsop
Produced locomotives, including the Salamanca, which weighed five tons and was capable of hauling a load of ninety tons at four mph. Includes brief description.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAblenkinsop.htm
George Stephenson
Early railroad pioneer who, with his son Robert, became the world's first locomotive builder. Engineered many railways and worked to improve the quality of steam engines. Includes biography and selections from letters and other writings. (1781-1848)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAstephensonG.htm
Robert Stephenson
Founder of the first company in the world that built locomotives. Includes brief biography, photo and selections from the works of various writers. (1803-1859)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAstephensonR.htm
Isambard Kingdom Brunel
Brief life history of the 19th century engineer who worked on the Thames Tunnel and the Great Western Railway. (1806-1859)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbrunel.htm
Joseph Locke
Joint chief engineer of the Grand Junction Railway. Became first railway engineer to realize locomotives would gradually be able to overcome steep gradients. (1805-1860)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAlocke.htm
Samuel Laing
Law clerk who helped draft the 1844 Railway Act. Chairman of the London and Brighton Railway in 1848. Includes brief biography. (1812-1897)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAlaing.htm
Edmund Denison
Appointed parliamentary counsel for the Great Northern Railway. Also involved in promoting the line that linked the Great Northern Railway with the Liverpool and Manchester Railway in 1865, and the GNR's Derbyshire and Staffordshire Bill in 1872. (1816-1905)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAdenison.htm
The Rocket
Locomotive built by Robert Stephenson in 1829. Includes description, history and a drawing.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RArocket.htm
Northumbrian
Steam locomotive built in 1830. Includes brief description and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAnorthumbrian.htm
Lancashire Witch
Locomotive built by Robert Stephenson in 1828. Includes description and drawing.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAlancashire.htm
Victoria
Locomotive designed by Edward Bury for the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. Includes brief description and photo.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAvictoria.htm
Jenny Lind
Steam locomotive on the London and Brighton Railway. Includes brief description and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAjenny.htm
Iron Duke
Locomotive designed and built by Daniel Gooch in 1847. Includes description and drawing.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAiron.htm
Great Western
Locomotive produced by Daniel Gooch in 1846. Includes brief details and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAwestern.htm
Swansea and Mumbles Railway
Opened for freight traffic in 1806 and transported passengers the following year. Became the first example of the regular conveyance of passengers by railway in the world. Includes brief history of the line.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAswansea.htm
Stockton and Darlington
Opened on September 27, 1825. Includes brief history, painting and selections from works of various writers.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAstockton.htm
Canterbury and Whitstable
Railway line opened in 1830. Includes brief history and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAcanterbury.htm
L & M Railway Company
Was 31 miles long and consisted of a double line of rails of the fish-bellied type and laid on stone or timber sleepers. Includes brief history and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAliverpool.htm
London and Birmingham
Opened in stages and finally completed in 1838. Was 112 miles long and took 20,000 men nearly five years to build. Includes brief history and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbirmingham.htm
William Arrol
Formed company that built a railway viaduct at Greenock and in 1878 secured the contract for the Caledonian Railway Bridge over the Clyde. Includes brief biography. (1839-1913)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAarrol.htm
Penydarren
Locomotive built in 1803 by Richard Trevithick. Includes brief details and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RApenydarren.htm
Puffing Billy
Steam locomotive in use at the Wylam Colliery in 1860. Includes description and photo.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RApuffing.htm
Wylam Locomotive
Built by Richard Trevithick in 1804. Includes brief description and drawing.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAwylam.htm
The Blutcher
Steam locomotive, named for the general in the Prussian Army, who helped Britain to defeat Napoleon. Built by George Stephenson. Includes details and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAblutcher.htm
Novelty
Steam locomotive built by John Ericsson and John Braithwaite. Includes brief description and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAnovelty.htm
Locomotion
First railway locomotive built in September, 1825. Includes brief history and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAlocomotion.htm
Sans Pareil
Steam locomotive built by Timothy Hackworth. Includes description, history and a drawing.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAsans.htm
Bolton and Leigh
Line built by George Stephenson and opened in 1828.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbolton.htm
London and Greenwich
Opened in 1836. Includes brief history and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAgreenwich.htm
York and North Midland Railway
Opened in 1839 and became part of the great trunk route from London to York via Rugby and Derby.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAyork.htm
Midland Counties Railway
Line was opened in 1836 and ran from Derby, Leicester, Rugby and Nottingham. Includes brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAcounties.htm
Leeds and Selby
Authorized by Parliament in 1830. Includes brief history of the line.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAselby.htm
London and Croydon Railway
Opened in 1839. Merged later with the London and Brighton line. Includes brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAcroydon.htm
Bristol and Exeter
Completed in 1844. Includes brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbristol.htm
Edinburgh and Glasgow Railway
Opened in 1842. Includes brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAedinburgh.htm
Great Northern Railway
Provided service between London and York. Includes brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAnorthern.htm
North Eastern Railway
Formed in 1854 with merger of three companies, York and North Midland, Leeds Northern and the York, Newcastle and Berwick. Includes brief history of the line.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAeastern.htm
London and North Western Railway
Amalgamation of three companies, London and Birmingham, Grand Junction Railway, and Manchester and Birmingham in 1846. Includes brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAnorthwestern.htm
Rainhill Trials
Competition between stationary engines and locomotives held by the Liverpool and Manchester Company. Includes details of the event and a drawing.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RArainhill.htm
Olive Mount
Location of rock cut project on the Liverpool and Manchester line. Includes brief details and painting by Thomas Bury.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAolive.htm
Chat Moss
Peat bog which was part of the railway route between Liverpool and Manchester. Includes brief history of engineering project.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAchat.htm
Grand Junction Railway
Established in 1833. Includes brief history and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAgrand.htm
Caledonian Railway
Established in 1845 and went to Glasgow via Edinburgh. Includes brief history and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAcaledonian.htm
Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway
Formed when the Manchester and Leeds Railway acquired eight smaller companies. Includes brief history of the line.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAyorkshire.htm
Midland Railway
Formed by George Hudson with amalgamation of the York and North Midland, Midland Counties, North Midland Railway, and the Birmingham and Derby. Includes brief history and photo.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAmidland.htm
Taff Vale Railway
Completed in 1841, Transported goods from Merthyr Tydfil to Cardiff.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAtaff.htm
Great Western Railway
Linked London and Bristol and was completed in 1841. Includes brief history of the line and photo of the locomotive, The Great Western.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAgreat.htm
London and Brighton Railway
Completed in September, 1841 and used over 3,500 men and 570 horses in its construction. Includes brief history and selections from various writers.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbrighton.htm
Gradient Profile
Includes sketch of Liverpool and Manchester Route.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAgradient.htm
Sankey Viaduct
Nine arch brick structure on the Liverpool and Manchester line. Includes building details and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAsankey.htm
John Cooke Bourne
Lithograph artist who produced the book, Drawings of the London and Birmingham Railway. Includes illustration. (1814-1896)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbourne.htm
Thomas Bury
Artist who produced a series of paintings of the Liverpool and Manchester Railway. Includes illustration of the Liverpool Crown Street Station. (1811-1877)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAburyT.htm
J. M. W. Turner
One of Britain's leading topographical watercolorists who painted Rain, Steam and Speed - The Great Western Railway. Includes brief biography and illustration. (1775-1851)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAturner.htm
David Octavius Hill
Artist who produced a set of engravings of the Garnkirk and Glasgow Railway in 1831 and photographed other railway scenes. Includes brief biography. (1802-1870)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAhill.htm
William Powell Frith
Artist who painted The Railway Station in 1862. Includes brief biography and illustration. (1819-1909)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAfrith.htm
Wooden Wagonway
Horse-drawn railway used to transport coal. Includes brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAwood.htm
Steam Circus
Circular railway in London where people paid to ride in a carriage pulled by a locomotive. Includes brief details and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAcircular.htm
Rack Railways
Patented by John Blenkinsop in 1811 and involved the combination of a locomotive cogwheel and toothed rack rail. Includes brief description and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RArack.htm
Passenger Carriages
Looked very much like a stage coach carriage and were drawn by horses. Includes details and a drawing.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAexperiment.htm
Kilsby Tunnel
Part of the London and Birmingham line. Was 2,400 yards long and took 1,250 men nearly two years to build. Includes brief history of engineering problems.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAkilsby.htm
Blisworth Cutting
Near Northampton. Engineering project involving excavation of rock and clay. Estimated over a million cubic yards of material was dug, quarried or blasted out.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAblisworth.htm
Railway Gauges
Included broad and standard measurement. Gives brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAgauge.htm
Box Tunnel
Located on the London to Bristol line. Includes details of construction and a lithograph.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbox.htm
Railway Post
First used by Grand Junction Railway in 1837. Includes details of a traveling post office carriage.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAjunction.htm
Moorish Arch
Was an ornate feature on the Stockton and Darlington line. Removed in the 1860s. Includes lithograph.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAmoorish.htm
First Class Travel
Early carriages were similar to traveling inside a stage coach but had provision for carrying luggage on the roofs. Includes brief details of design improvements made by Nathaniel Worsdell and a lithograph.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAfirst.htm
Second Class Travel
Offered benches and were open at the sides. Includes brief details and lithograph.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAsecond.htm
Third Class Travel
Train carriages open at the sides and did not provide passengers with any protection from the weather or the pollution created by the locomotive.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAthird.htm
George Walker
Artist who did a series of paintings for the book Costume of Yorkshire. Included the first ever painting of a locomotive, the Salamanca at Middleton Colliery. Includes brief biography. (1781-1856)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JwalkerG.htm
James Wilson Carmichael
Artist who published a set of engravings entitled Views of the Newcastle and Carlisle Railway. Includes brief biography and illustration. (1800-1868)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jcarmichael.htm
John Leech
Illlustrator who produced a series of cartoons attacking railway mania and warning of the dangers of rail transport. (1817-1864)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAleech.htm
Manchester and Leeds
Opened in 1839. Includes brief details of its construction.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAmanchester.htm
George Bidder
First person to design and build a railway swing bridge. Also one of the founders of the first company formed to provide telegraphic communication. (1806-1878)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbidder.htm
1844 Railway Act
Required each company to run one passenger train daily at the cheap rate of one penny a mile (1.6 km) and provide carriage seats that offered protection from bad weather. Includes details.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RA1844.htm
Thomas Creevey
In the House of Commons led the fight against railways. Includes brief biography. (1768-1838)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcreevey.htm
London
Settled by the Romans in the first century A.D. and known as Londinium. Includes brief history of its railway lines, a painting by Jan Griffier and selections from the writings of various authors.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITlondon.htm
Birmingham
Became one of the most important trade centers in Britain. One of the major cities of the London to Birmingham line completed in 1838.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITbirmingham.htm
Manchester
Situated on the east bank of the River Irwell and was noted for its cotton industry. Includes brief history of its railway lines and selections from the works of various writers.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITmanchester.htm
Bradford
Center for woolen and textile trades. Site of Leeds and Bradford Railway, which opened in 1846.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITbradford.htm
Merthyr Tydfil
Noted for its ironworks and part of the Taff Vale Railway Company. Includes brief history and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITmerthyr.htm
Brighton
Popular seaside resort in Britain, served by the London to Brighton Railway. Includes brief history, painting and selections from the works of various writers.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITbrighton.htm
Newcastle
Situated on the River Tyne. Was a commercial and industrial center and location of Newcastle and Darlington Railway, Newcastle and Carlisle Railway, and the York and Newcastle Railway.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITnewcastle.htm
Bristol
Was a major wool-exporting port. Station for several railway lines including the Great Western Railway, Bristol and Exeter Railway, and the Bristol and Gloucester Railway. Includes brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITbristol.htm
Cardiff
Coastal town in Wales and a station on the Taff Vale Railway. Includes brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITcardiff.htm
Norwich
Situated on the River Wensum and established as a major center of the wool trade during the Middle Ages. Includes brief history of the town's railways.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITnorwich.htm
Crewe
Originally, a small hamlet with only a wayside station beside a turnpike road. Became the junction of three lines. Includes brief summary of its railways.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITcrewe.htm
Chichester
In 1844 the London and Brighton Railway Company built a line to Chichester. By 1847 Chichester was also linked by rail to Portsmouth and Southampton.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITchichester.htm
Liverpool Station
Served passengers as well as goods facilities and accommodation for coal merchants. Relegated to a goods and engineering maintenance depot in 1836. Includes painting by Thomas Bury.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAliverpoolST.htm
Birmingham Station
Built in 1838 in the classical style with an Ionic portico. Departure point for north as well as the southbound trains. Includes illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbirminghamST.htm
London Bridge Station
Designed by Thomas Turner and Henry Roberts and became the administrative headquarters of the London and Brighton Railway. Includes illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAlondonST.htm
Brighton Station
Part of the London and Brighton Railway. Building was finished in September, 1841. Includes photo.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAbrightonST.htm
Newcastle Station
Built in 1848 and was the junction point of four routes in Newcastle. Includes illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAnewcastleST.htm
St Pancras Station
Designed by Gilbert Scott and built in 1868. Includes brief details and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAstpancrasST.htm
York Station
Built to accommodate trains on the York and Midland Railway, and the Great Northern Railway.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAyorkST.htm
Euston Station
Built in 1838 for the London and Birmingham Railway. Includes brief details and illustration.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAeustonST.htm
Oldham
Center of woolen trade and later a site of cotton mills, with over 213 by 1838. Railways also helped its growth. Was a branch of the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway. Includes photo and brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IToldham.htm
Derby
Located on the River Derwent. Became the headquarters of the Midland Railway in the 19th century. Includes brief details of industries and history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITderby.htm
Liverpool
Port on the north bank of the estuary of the Mersey. The Liverpool and Manchester railway opened in 1830 and was a great success. Includes brief history, painting by Atkinson Grimshaw and selections from various authors.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITliverpool.htm
Swansea
Situated on the south coast of Wales. Served by the Swansea and Mumbles horse-drawn line along Swansea Bay, that served local quarries and coal mines. Includes brief history.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITswansea.htm
Leeds
Wool center of England in the 16th century. Had the oldest horse-drawn railroad in the world, built in 1758. Was a station on the Manchester and Leeds Railway. Includes brief history and painting by Atkinson Grimshaw.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITleeds.htm
Swindon
Small town until the coming of railways, located eighty miles from London. Station on the London to Bristol line and site of a locomotive works.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITswindon.htm
Leicester
Capital of Coritani in Roman Britain and became an important center of hosiery manufacture during the 18th century. Includes brief history of its railway lines.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITleicester.htm
York
Became the most important junction on the east coast route to Scotland and eventually the main locomotive works for the North Eastern Railway.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITyork.htm
Birmingham & Derby
Opened in 1839 but it was not a great financial success, Merged with other lines to form the Midland Railway.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/RAderby.htm
Dundee
Seaport in Scotland on the Firth of Tay. Location of he Dundee and Newryle line, the Dundee and Arbroath, and a line to Aberdeen. Includes notes about major industries and population figures.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITdundee.htm
Edinburgh
Capital city of Scotland. Location of the Edinburgh and Leith, and the Edinburgh and Glasgow lines. Includes history and selections from the works of several writers.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITedinburg
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