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Aqaba, Gulf of
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?aqaba_gl.htm
Abu Nidal
Palestinian politician and guerilla leader.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?abu_nidal.htm
Abadan
City in Iran with 300,000 inhabitants. Situated in the south-western corner of Iran, on the island of Abadan.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?abadan.htm
Aleppo
City in Syria with 1.9 million inhabitants. Commercial and cultural centre of northern Syria.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?aleppo.htm
Alexandria
City in northern Egypt with about 3.9 million inhabitants. A commercial and economic centre.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?alexandr.htm
Algiers
Capital of Algeria with 2.9 million inhabitants, and the largest and most important city of the country, in economical, cultural and scientific sense.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?algiers.htm
Ali
4th Caliph, and the last Caliph that both Sunnis and Shi'is agree upon as justifiably elected, yet the Kharijis did not accept him from 658 and onwards.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ali.htm
Ali l-Hadi
The tenth Imam of the Twelver Shi'i Islam (833- 868).
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?10thimam.htm
Ali r-Rida
Eighth Imam of the Twelver Shi'i Islam (799- 818).
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?8thimam.htm
Algeria
Independent republic, divided into 48 provinces. Certain mountainous regions are under the control of Islamist rebels.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?algeria.htm
Abbas
Uncle of Muhammad. Successful merchant, and was known for the grandeur that he surrounded himself with during his travels. Stories tell that he was in charge of the Zamzam.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?abbas.htm
Abbasids
Caliphate dynasty ruling from 750 until 1258. All of one big family that claimed to descend from Abbas, an uncle of Muhammad.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?abbasids.htm
Abdullah, King
King of Jordan. Was named crown prince less than 2 weeks before he was sworn in as regent of Jordan, following the declaration of the clinical death of his father, Hussein 1.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?abdallah.htm
Abdu l-Karim
Moroccan politician and liberation fighter and leader.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?abdulkar.htm
Abu Bakr
First Caliph of Islam.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?abubakr.htm
Abu l-Wahhab
Founder of the Islamic school of the muwahhiduns, also known as Wahhabism.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?abdu_l-wahhab.htm
Abu Dhabi
Island, city, and emirate in the United Arab Emirates. The emirate has about 1.19 million inhabitanst, while the city has about 420,000.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?abudhabi.htm
Ali Zayni l-Abidin
The fourth Imam of Shi'i Islam (680- 712 or 713).
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?4thimam.htm
Alids
Descendants of Ali, the fourth Caliph, and the first Imam (according to Shi'i Islam).
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?alids.htm
Amman
Capital of Jordan with 1,2 million inhabitants.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?amman.htm
Andalucia
Timeline of events taking place in, and forming, the region of Southern Spain consisting of Andalucia Culture.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?andaluc.htm
Ankara
Capital of Turkey with 2.9 million inhabitants. Ankara is situated in the central of Turkey.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ankara.htm
Anti-Lebanon Mountains
Mountain range of Lebanon and Syria. The length is approximately 150 km, and the highest mountain peaks at 2,814 metres.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?anti-leb.htm
Arabian Sea
Sea between the Arabian peninsula and the Indian subcontinent, that is part of the Indian Ocean.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?arab_sea.htm
Arabia
Area made up of the Arabian Peninsula comprising the national states of Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, United Arab Emirates, Oman, and Yemen.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?arabia.htm
Arabic
Semitic language used by Arabs — where there is a direct connection, as the majority of Arabs are Arabs by language and not by blood.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?arabic.htm
Arabs
People living in North Africa and the Middle East, from western Morocco, to Oman, and from Turkey in the north to Yemen and Sudan in the south.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?arabs.htm
Arafat, Yassir
President of Palestine, through being president of the Palestinian Authority, which controls the Palestinian territories in Gaza and on the West Bank.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?arafat.htm
Abu l-Hassan i l-Ash'ari
Muslim theolgian, founder of the Ash'ari school of theology.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ashari_a.htm
Ash'aris
Theological school founded by Abu l-Hassani l-Ash'ari.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?asharis.htm
Assyut
City in Egypt, with around 380,000 inhabitants.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?assyut.htm
Aswan
City in Egypt with 260,000 inhabitants. Capital of the Aswan Governorate.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?aswan.htm
Aswan High Dam
Dam construction in southern Egypt, that exploits the water of the Nile.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?aswandam.htm
Allah
The Arabic word for "God", used in Islam and Christianity.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?allah.htm
Allahu akbar
Muslim saying, frequently used, in situations ranging from greeting to expression of strong sentiments. It is most correctly translated with "God is greater."
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?allahuak.htm
Amenemhet I
Egyptian Pharaoh, reigning from 1991 BCE to 1962 BCE, founder of the 12. dynasty, after overthrowing the rulers at Thebes.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?amenem_1.htm
Amenemhet III
Egyptian Pharaoh, reigning from 1843- 1797 BCE, belonging to the 12th dynasty.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?amenem_3.htm
Amenhotep I
Egyptian Pharaoh, reigning from 1546 to 1525 BCE, son of the founder of the 18th dynasty, Ahmose 1.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?amenho_1.htm
Amenhotep II
Egyptian Pharaoh, reigning from 1450 to 1424, as part of the 18th dynasty.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?amenho_2.htm
Amenhotep III
Egyptian Pharaoh reigning from 1417- 1379, being part of the 18th dynasty.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?amenho_3.htm
Amesha Spentas
Eternal divine beings in Zoroastrianism, entities that bring blessings and comfort.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?amesha_s.htm
Atat=FCrk
Founder of the modern republic of Turkey.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ataturk.htm
At Ta'if
City in Saudi Arabia with 590,000 inhabitants. Slightly east of Mecca.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?at_ta'if.htm
Aqaba, Gulf of
Gulf that is an arm of the Red Sea, running to the east of the Sinai peninsula and west of the Arabian mainland.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?aqaba_gl.htm
Atlas Mountains
Mountainous area that fills most of the northwestern corner of Africa.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?atlasmou.htm
Averro=EBs
Muslim philosopher, physician, maliki jurist and ashari theologian.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?averroes.htm
Avesta
The collections of scared texts in Zoroastrianism.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?avesta.htm
Avicenna
Iranian Islamic philosopher and physician.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?avicenna.htm
Aya
Verse in the Holy Koran.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?aya.htm
Ayatullah
Religious honorary title in Twelver Shi'i Islam in Iran.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ayatulla.htm
al-Ghazzali
One of the greatest thinkers in Islam, and among the foremost theologians.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ghazzali.htm
al-Mutanabbi
Arab poet, considered the greatest of the classical Arab poets.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?mutanabb.htm
al-Assad, Hafez
President of Syria (1971-2000).
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?assad_hafiz.htm
Abdu l-Qadir
Emir, religious and military resistance fighter against the French occupation of Algeria.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?abdulqad.htm
Acacus
Mountain range in south-western Libya, and a subrange of the Hoggar Mountains of Algeria. Lies southwest of the Fezzan area of central Libya.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?acacus.htm
Adana
City in Turkey with 1.1 million inhabitants. Situated inland, 30 km from the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?adana.htm
Aden
City of Yemen, and the country's winter capital, with 530,000 inhabitants, situated in the south of the country, at the Gulf of Aden.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?aden.htm
Aden, Gulf of
Western arm of the Arabian Sea, meeting the Red Sea at the strait Babu l-Mandeb.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?aden_glf.htm
Adhan
Uttering used to call all Muslims to prayer, salat. Sent out from a minaret, either sung by a muezzin present in the minaret, or transmitted from a loudspeaker with the help of cassette recording.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?adhan.htm
Agadir
City in Morocco with 720,000 inhabitants. A seaport and the administrative and economical centre for its region.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?agadir.htm
Ahmose I
Egyptian Pharaoh, reigning from 1570 to 1546, and founder of the 18th dynasty.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ahmose_1.htm
Ahmose II
Egyptian Pharaoh, reigning from 569 to 526 BCE, as part of the 26th dynasty.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ahmose_2.htm
Ahriman
The evil power in the Avesta, the collection of religious writings in Zoroastrianism.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ahriman.htm
Ahura Mazda
The supreme god in Zoroastrianism.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ahura_ma.htm
Ain Draham
City of Tunisia, and the centre of the mountainous region in the northwest of the country, with about 10,000 inhabitants.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?aindraha.htm
AIS
Algerian political group. A militant subdivision of FIS, and not be confused with the far more active and brutal GIA.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?ais.htm
Amenhotep IV
Egyptian Pharaoh, reigning from 1379 to 1362 BCE, as part of the 18th dynasty.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?akhenat.htm
Al Ahram
Egypt's largest newspaper, founded in 1875 by the Taqla family.
http://i-cias.com/cgi-bin/eo-direct.pl?alahram.htm
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