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The USA has always been a beer-drinking nation. The diary of William Bradford records that the Mayflower made landfall at Plymouth Rock under duress: "We could not now take much time for further search...our victuals being much spent, especially our beer." [1]
The brewing traditions of England and the Netherlands (as brought to New York) ensured that the colonies would be dominated by beer drinking and not the imbibing of wine. Up until the middle of the 19th century, ales dominated American brewing. This changed as the lager styles, brought by German immigrants, turned out to be more profitable for large-scale manufacturing and shipping. Names such as Miller, Pabst, and Schlitz became known through the breweries they founded or acquired, and many others followed. Czech immigrants also made their contributions to US beer.
The lager brewed by these companies was not the extremely weak and mild lager now associated with modern US megabreweries. This American pilsner was a significantly stronger beer, both in flavour and alcohol, that was designed to meet the appetites of both Native Americans and central European immigrants.
All of this came to a halt when Prohibition was imposed. Only a few of the largest breweries were able to stay in business -- by manufacturing near beer, malt syrup, or other non-alcohol grain products. Production and shipping of alcohol was largely confined to illegal operations, which could deliver potent liquors -- smuggled rum and domestic moonshine -- more efficiently and safely than bulkier products such as beer.
For more than fifty years after the end of Prohibition, the United States beer market was heavily dominated by large commercial breweries, producing beers more noted for their uniformity than for any particular flavour. Beers such as those made by Anheuser-Busch and Coors followed a restricted pilsner style, with large-scale industrial processes and the use of low-cost ingredients (such as rice and corn). The dominance of the so-called "macrobrew" led to an international stereotype of "American beer" as poor in quality and flavour.
However, since the resurgence of the commercial craft brewing industry in the 1980s, the United States now features many beers, offered by over 1500 brewpubs, microbreweries, and regional brewers such as Anchor (San Francisco) and Samuel Adams (Boston). In much of eastern Pennsylvania including Philadelphia, the word "lager" is synonymous with Yuengling Traditional Lager, a flavorful beer from a regional brewery in Pottsville founded in 1829, making it the oldest continuously operating brewery in America. While in volume, the macrobrews still dominate, smaller producers brew in a variety of styles influenced by local sources of hops and other ingredients as well as by various European traditions.
The Association of Brewers has identified the following styles of North American origin:
The success of the commercial craft brewing industry has led the large breweries to invest in smaller breweries such as Widmer, and to develop more complex beers of their own.
Related drinks
Beers, and similar beverages made from raw materials other than barley, include:
Commercial brands of beer
Quotes
- "Beer is proof that God loves us, and wants us to be happy." — Benjamin Franklin
- We are not here to sell a parcel of boilers and vats, but the potentiality of growing rich beyond the dreams of avarice." — Samuel Johnson in 1781 on the sale of Henry Thrale's Anchor Brewery
- "Give me a woman who truly loves beer, and I will conquer the world." — Kaiser Wilhelm II
- "Malt does more than Milton can to justify God's ways to man" — A. E. Housman
- "This is grain, which any fool can eat, but for which the Lord has intended a more divine purpose. Let us give praise to His name, and glory to his creation, by learning about beer!" Friar Tuck in the movie Robin Hood:Prince of Thieves.
- "Alcohol: The cause of, and solution to, all of life's problems." — Homer Simpson
See also
External links
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