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Speech

One might be looking for the academic discipline of communications.


Synonyms: --- ral.

Speech can be described as the act of producing voice through the use of the vocal chords or other means, such as sign language, to create linguistic acts that communicate information from a initiator to a recipient.

In more colloquial terms, speech can be described in several different ways:

  1. A linguistic act designed to convey information.
  2. Various types of linguistic acts where the audience consists of more than one individual, including public speaking, oration, and quotation.
  3. The physical act of speaking, primarily through the use of vocal chords to produce voice. See phonology and linguistics for more detailed information on the physical act of speaking.

However, speech can also take place inside one's head, known as intrapersonal communication, for example, when one thinks or utters sounds of approval or disapproval. At a deeper level, one could even consider subconscious processes, including dreams where aspects of oneself communicate with each other (see Sigmund Freud), as part of intrapersonal communication, even though most human beings do not seem to have direct access to such communication.

Problems

There are several factors that can affect the quality of speech as such. Among these are:

  1. Diseases and disorders of the lungs or the vocal chords, including paralysis, respiratory infections, and cancers of the lungs and throat.
  2. Diseases and disorders of the brain, including alogia, aphasias and speech processing disorders, where impaired perception of the message (as opposed to the actual sound) leads to poor speech production.
  3. Articulatory problems, such as stuttering, lisping, cleft palate, ataxia, or nerve damage leading to problems in articulation. Tourette syndrome and nervous tics can also affect speech.
  4. Problems in the perception of sound and auditory information can affect speech. In addition to aphasias, anomia and certain types of dyslexia can impede the quality of auditory perception, and therefore, expression. Hearing impairments and deafness can be considered to fall into this category.

Thus, it is clear that speech has both expressive and receptive elements. The purpose of speech can be to convey meaning or to increase social bonds between individuals and/or groups (it is often both). For the latter shallowness is not a problem. The success of a speech act depends on numerous factors, including the presence or absence of a variety of speech disorders, the ability of the speaker to express the intended message, and the ability and willingness of the audience to play the role of recipient.

Glossophobia is the fear of public speaking.

See also


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Audio and Video Capture for Win9x
Sells a variety of audio, video, streaming media, video, video on demand, media encoding, live broadcast hardware primarily for Microsoft platforms.
http://www.Winnov.de

Andrea Electronics Corporation
Makes (Active Design) noise cancellation microphones used in Internet/Intranet, PC voice-computing, telecommunications and military applications. Certified for Windows 95/98. Latest DSDA microphone works at a distance (you don't wear it on your head).
http://www.andreaelectronics.com

Telex Computer Audio
Makes (Passive Design) noise cancelling microphones for computer dictation, speech recognition, and video conferencing. Includes paper (1997) on how "noise cancelling" microphones work and a comparison with Andrea (Active Design) products. The new Aria model works at a distance (not worn on the head).
http://www.computeraudio.telex.com/

Computer Telephony Multi-Chassis Hardware
cPCI and PCI solutions for multi-chassis computer telephony applications. VoIP board solutions include echo cancellation, ADPCM, tone relay and TDM trunking over IP. Supports Media Server applications with advanced voice activity detection.
http://www.kallastra.com

Telecrown Technology Limited.
Hong Kong based engineering team specializing in voice recognition and compression technologies, particularly for toys and consumer products.
http://www.telecrown.com

Robust and Cost effective Call Center headsets in India
Wide range of call center headsets including Smith Corona / Comfortel, Nortel, Avaya, Alacatel. Based in India.
http://www.futurecalls.com/products.htm

Wireless Speech recognition Microphones
Wireless speech recognition headsets, with ultra noise canceling speech recognition microphones. Also for general computer telephony.
http://headsets.hypermart.net/second.html

VXI Corporation
A leading manufacturer of precision computer headsets and microphones for voice recognition, internet telephony, speech recognition, call center and multimedia computing applications. VXI's products include Parrott, Iparrott and USB Parrott, Voice It hand held digital recorders and Tuffset.
http://www.vxicorp.com/

Lightweight Headset Microphones
Emkay Products manufactures a new line of very light weight headset microphones as well as RF wireless and infrared wireless types.
http://www.emkayproducts.com/

MaxxStream
Integrated hardware solution enabling audio to be captured, optimized and broadcast for streaming over the Internet. Hardware provides optimization for all Internet streaming audio applications.
http://www.maxxstream.com

Voice Synthesizer Chip Set
DoubleTalk RC8650 Text to speech / voice synthesizer chip set is low overhead design. Development kit available.
http://www.rcsys.com/chips.htm

Speech Technology Circuit Boards
Builds circuits and boards using voice/speech technology. Can make "canned" messages or text-to-speech designs. Boards can be event driven (alarms, and push button).
http://eagle-systems.net/

CMOS Chips for Speech
Specializes in developing, manufacturing and marketing digital audio products for a variety of applications. Based in Taipei, Taiwan with branch offices in the United States and China.
http://www.eletech.com/

Unusual Mike Supplier
Manufactures "Buddy" microphones for speech recognition. Buddy microphones work with palm recorders giving them noise cancellation properties otherwise missing in those units and also with sound cards and USB port to provide noise free sound interface for speech recognition.
http://www.dragonsys.ca/docs/buddies.htm

The Place for Watson Cards
Company buys and sells what some people would refer to as "obsolete" technology - the Voice Cards/Telephony Cards formerly produced by Natural MicroSystems. Why? Because these cards and the software written for them are still very serviceable.
http://www.watsoncard.com/

Acoustic Magic
Makes "far-field" desktop microphone array products for speech recognition and recording in clean and noisy environments.
http://www.acousticmagic.com

Start Stop Transcription and Dictation Foot Pedals
HTH Engineering provides PC-based digital dictation and transcription foot pedal systems and software for medical transcription, dictation, and digital voice recording.
http://www.startstop.com

Microphones.Com
Provides latest in speech recognition microphones including USB. Also has short reviews of microphones.
http://www.microphones.com

Quikscribe Transcription System
PC based, digital dictation and transcription software - Win 95, 98, 2000 & NT compatible
http://www.quikscribe.com

Extell Technology
Provides noise robust and low-cost ICs and embedded system solutions for speech recognition.
http://www.extell.com

Midia CT
Distributor and provider of speech processing hardware utilizing the Intel Dialogic CSP engine. Not viewable with Netscape 4.x.
http://www.midiact.com/

Fulcrum Voice Technologies
A leading UK noise cancellation and speech technology specialist. Special techniques for removing sirens, and automotive noise.
http://www.fulcrumvoicetech.com/

Ectaco Voice Universal Translator
Uses speech recognition to translate and speak across English, French, German and Spanish. Company also sells the software to do the same on a Pocket PC.
http://www.universal-translator.net/

The Headset Guy
Plantronics online sales site for noise cancelling and other types of microphones and headsets.
http://headsetsforless.com/

Humanity-Oriented Technology Corp.
Manufacturer of voice-activated remote controls, voice-dialing hands free kits, voice-dialing carkits, voice-indexed phone book & auto dialer, PC voice commander, voice-operated wireless keyboard.
http://www.hotech.com.tw/

Epigon Audiocare
Develops audio and speech DSP processors primarily for consumer market. Based in India.
http://www.epigonaudio.com/

Microphone Specialist
Sells a wide variety of microphones, including wireless types, for speech recognition, voice command, and call centers. Does microphone testing and recommends those which give the best results.
http://www.speechcontrol.com/microphones/index.asp

SKC Communication Products
Analog and digital PC headsets to connect to soundcards or USB ports. Other audio and video conferencing aids.
http://www.skccom.com/

VivaVoce
A Pan European voice recording and customer contact solutions specialist. Distributor and maintainer for Electrodata's voice recording platforms.
http://www.vivavoce.eu.com

Pocketmemo.com
Offers both analogue and digital dictation systems, with most orders despatched on a same day basis. Glasgow based.
http://www.pocketmemo.com

Transcription System Hardware
USB 3-switch foot pedal and professional quality audio transcription software for the price of the pedal alone. Supports most audio formats, built-in automatic file transfers, project folders, and voice recognition interface.
http://www.Scopists.com/E-commerce/digital.html

NXPeds Foot Pedal
Programmable computer foot pedal for industrial, medical, office, and home applications. USB and PS/2 versions.
http://www.nxpeds.com

Handheld Recorder for Dictation
Olympus makes Digital Voice Recorders which can be used for off line recording with subsequent transcription by computer using various speech to text software. D150, D1000 and others supported by IBM ViaVoice, Dragon Systems.
http://www.olympusamerica.com/cpg_section/cpg_voicerecorders.asp



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