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Manufacturing
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Manufacturing

Manufacturing is the transformation of raw materials into finished goods for sale, or intermediate processes involving the production or finishing of semi-manufactures. It is a large branch of industry and of secondary production.

Although handicraft production has been with us for many millennia, modern-style manufacturing is generally regarded as beginning around 1780 with the British Industrial Revolution, spreading thereafter to Continental Europe and North America, and subsequently around the world.

While it remains a huge part of the modern world economy - perhaps a quarter of aggregate world production of goods and services - many of the world's wealthier nations devote an ever smaller proportion of their workforce to manufacturing activity owing to relocation of enterprises to lower-wage countries and the rising proportion of economic activity devoted to service activity.

Table of contents
1 Manufacturing Topics

Manufacturing Topics

Taxonomy of manufacturing processes

  1. Casting and molding
    1. Casting
      1. Sand
      2. Plastic mold
      3. Shell mold
      4. Investment (lost wax, precision)
      5. Permanent mold
      6. Centrifugal
      7. Die
      8. Slush or slurry
      9. Full mold
      10. Low pressure
      11. Continuous Molding
    2. Molding
      1. Powder metallurgy
        1. Compaction plus sintering
      2. Plastics
        1. Injection
        2. Compression
        3. Transfer
        4. Extrusion
        5. Blow
        6. Rotational
        7. Thermoforming
        8. Laminating
        9. Expandable bead
        10. Foam
        11. Rotomolding
        12. Vacuum plug assist
        13. Pressure plug assist
        14. Matched mold
  2. Deformation (forming and shearing)
    1. Forming
      1. Forging
        1. Smith
        2. Hammer
        3. Drop
        4. Press
        5. Impact (see also extrusion)
        6. Upset
        7. No draft
        8. High-energy-rate
        9. Cored
        10. Incremental
        11. Powder
      2. Rolling
        1. Shape
        2. Ring
        3. Transverse
        4. Orbital
        5. Cross-rolling
        6. Thread
      3. Stretching (expanding)
      4. Drawing (shrinking) of wire bar or tube
        1. Embossing
        2. Coining
        3. Stamping
        4. Sizing
        5. Redrawing
        6. Bulging
        7. Necking
        8. Nosing
        9. Ironing
      5. Deep drawing
      6. Swaging
      7. Extrusion
      8. Spinning
      9. Bending
      10. Miscellaneous other
        1. Peening
        2. Guerin process
        3. Wheelon process
        4. Magnetic pulse
        5. Explosive
        6. Electroforming
        7. Staking
        8. Seaming
        9. Flanging
        10. Straightening
    2. Shearing
      1. Line shearing (slitting)
      2. Blanking
      3. Piercing or punching
      4. Follow-up on #2 and #3
        1. Trimming
        2. Shaving
        3. Notching
        4. Perforating
        5. Nibling
        6. Dinking
        7. Lancing
        8. Cutoff
    3. Pulverizing
      1. Crushing
        1. Jaw crusher
        2. Gyratory crusher
        3. Rollers
        4. Edge runner
        5. Hammer mill
      2. Grinding
        1. Ball mill
        2. Buhrstone mill
      3. Atomization
      4. Centrifugal disintegration
  3. Machining (material removal)
    1. Milling
      1. Peripheral (slab)
      2. Face
      3. Chemical
    2. Turning
      1. Facing
      2. Boring
      3. Spinning (flow turning)
      4. Knurling
      5. Cutoff (parting)
    3. Drilling
      1. Reaming
      2. Countersinking
      3. Tapping
    4. Sawing
      1. Filing
    5. Broaching
    6. Shaping
      1. Horizontal
      2. Vertical
      3. Special purpose
    7. Planing
      1. Double housing
      2. Open-side
      3. Edge or plate
      4. Pit-type
    8. Grinding (abrasive machining)
      1. Abrasive jet machining
      2. Honing
      3. Lapping
      4. Superfinishing
      5. Barrel finishing
      6. Vibratory finishing
      7. Spindle finishing
      8. Abrasive belt
      9. Polishing
      10. Buffing
      11. Burnishing
      12. Grit- or shot-blasting
      13. Tumbling
      14. Wire brushing
      15. Electropolishing
      16. Electro-chemical grinding
    9. Routing
    10. Hobbing (hubbing)
    11. Ultrasonic
    12. Electrical discharge
    13. Electron beam
    14. Electrochemical
    15. Chemical
    16. Photochemical
    17. Laser beam
  4. Joining
    1. Welding
      1. Arc
        1. Manual metal
        2. Shielded metal
        3. Gas metal
          1. Pulsed
          2. Short circuit
          3. Electrogas
          4. Spray transfer
        4. Gas tungsten
        5. Flux-cored
        6. Submerged
        7. Plasma arc
        8. Carbon arc
        9. Stud
        10. Electroslag
        11. Atomic hydrogen
        12. Plasma-MIG (metal inert gas)
        13. Impregnated tape
      2. Oxyfuel gas
        1. Oxyacetylene gas
        2. Methylacetylene propadiene (MAPP)
        3. Air-acetylene
        4. Oxyhydrogen
        5. Pressure gas
          1. CO2
      3. Resistance
        1. Spot
        2. Projection
        3. Seam
        4. Flash butt (flash)
        5. Upset(butt)
        6. Percussion
      4. Solid state
        1. Ultrasonic
        2. Explosive
        3. Diffusion
          1. Hot press
          2. Isostatic hot gas
          3. Vacuum furnace
        4. Friction
        5. Inertia
        6. Forge
        7. Cold
        8. Roll
      5. Electron beam
      6. Laser beam
        1. Solid-state
        2. Axial-flow gas
        3. Cross-flow gas
      7. Thermite
      8. Induction
        1. Low frequency (50-450 Hz)
        2. High frequency (induction resistance; 200-450 kHz)
      9. High frequency resistance
      10. Electromagnetic
      11. Flow
    2. Brazing
      1. Torch
      2. Induction
      3. Furnace
      4. Dip
      5. Resistance
      6. Infrared
      7. Vacuum
    3. Soldering
      1. Iron
      2. Resistance
      3. Hot plate
      4. Oven
      5. Induction
      6. Dip
      7. Wave
      8. Ultrasonic
    4. Sintering (of powdered metals)
    5. Adhesive bonding (incomplete)
      1. Thermo-setting and thermoplastic
        1. Epoxy
        2. Modified epoxy
        3. Phenolics
        4. Polyurethane
      2. Adhesive alloys
      3. Miscellaneous other powders, liquids, solids, and tapes
    6. Metal fasteners
      1. Screws
      2. Nuts and bolts
      3. Rivets
      4. Pins
        1. Cotter
        2. Groove
        3. Tapered
        4. Roll
      5. Retaining rings
      6. Quick-release
    7. Stitching
    8. Stapling
    9. Shrink fitting
    10. Press fitting
    11. Plastic
      1. Hot-air-welding
      2. Friction
      3. Heated metal plate
      4. Solvent
      5. Dielectric
      6. Magnetic
      7. Ultrasonic
      8. Radio frequency welding

Manufacturing Systems

Theories

Control

Manufacturing Engineering

Assembly Systems

Design

Others

Lists of related topics
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24/7 Systems, Inc.
Provides custom and standard software solutions in the area of industrial machinery management, machine data acquisition, industrial web based applications, asset management, and maintenance management.
http://tf7.com/

Micro Computer Systems
TMInvent optimizes an accounting system for production management. Supports inventory control and reporting, simplifies entry and posting procedures for parts, allows user-assigned names for storage bin labels.
http://www.microcomputersystems.com/msi_1008.htm

SoftSelect Systems, LLC
A tool used to determine the best matched manufacturing software package for actual functionality needs.
http://www.softselect.com/

Solid State Software, Inc.
Software for manufacturing planning and control, MRP, distribution, accounting, EDI, data collection.
http://www.sssoft.com/

Pozicom Technologies, Inc.
EDI Pro EDI package supports ANSI X-12 4010 and 4020 standards.
http://www.pozicom.net/

M&D Systems, Inc
Publishes Myte Myke software for accounting, distribution, manufacturing.
http://www.mytemyke.com/

Profax Ltd
Auto Scheduler automatically translates production EDI schedules and creates schedules. Translates EDI messages, re-schedules the factory and suppliers.
http://www.profax.co.uk/

Soft Systems Pvt. Ltd.
Develops ERP solutions for companies operating plantations.
http://www.softsystemsindia.com/

Statware, Inc.
Quality improvement software, quality control software and data analysis software for the enterprise. Also, solutions for desktop users.
http://www.statware.com/

3rd Dimension Systems
Provides programming and implementation for computer systems unique for clients environments.
http://www.3rds.com/

Proleit AG
Develops, markets system integration software, plant configuration services. Helps optimize, simplify, streamline extant production; automates, networks production workflow from factory floor to ERP level.
http://www.proleit.com/

TISCOR
Software utilizes hand-held devices to automate the documentation of fire and safety equipment inspections, security guard tour activities, HVAC/R equipment inspections, preventive maintenance inspections.
http://www.tiscor.com/

Summit Computer Services
Authorized Macola reseller provides hardware, software, training, custom modifications, ongoing support
http://www.summitcomputer.net

Tamlin Software
'Manufacturing Conductor' is a manufacturing execution system developed to give shop floor control to the mid-size manufacturer.
http://www.tamlinsoftware.com

Lighthammer Software Development
Supplies web-based manufacturing software and the developer of 'Illuminator' plant information portal.
http://www.lighthammer.com/

Sac River Systems
Specialist financials, EDI, service, contracts, purchase orders, MXP, VARnet internals (PowerTools, HyperTools, ProBase).
http://www.geocities.com/TheTropics/Bay/1525/

St James Software
Integrated tools for use in industrial plants incl. process browser, log book, report manager, lab manager, alarm manager, down-time manager, engines to store data in real-time in a database such as Oracle.
http://www.sjsoft.com/

Small World
Electron Flight Simulator lets you model beam/specimen interactions in the scanning (SEM) or transmission (TEM) electron microscope. Designed to improve X-ray microanalysis results.
http://www.small-world.net/

Automation + Productivity AG
Established in 1993, offers technological leadership, long-term investment security, and consistent fulfillment of the requirements of medium-sized enterprises.
http://www.ap-ag.com/

Technique Business Systems Ltd
Production planning and scheduling software.
http://www.pplanner.com/

SWR Director
Remote control, chart plotting, and data archiving software for use with the AEA SWR-121 HF and SWR-121 V/U SWR analyzers.
http://home.datawest.net/n2mp/swr_director.htm

Rome Technologies
Provides autobody, bodyshop, management turn-key computer management systems in North America.
http://www.rometech.com/

Nakota Software, Inc.
Custom development, industrial applications: Windows, DOS, Unix, Linux, Microware, C, C++, Visual Basic, SECS/GEM standard for communications, process control, encryption applications.
http://www.nakota-software.com/

The Stratford Group, Inc. -- INMASS
Manufacturing and accounting software designed by manufacturing professionals. Over 3,500 installations. Modular, integrated. Multi-user license allows unlimited users for one price. FREE technical support. Only software to parallel APICS dictionary.
http://www.inmass.com/

Systems Resources
Manufacturing software add on, specializing in parametric estimating, parametric sales configurations management and feeds/speeds industrial process planning.
http://www.srifl.com/

Aliment Management Consultants Pvt Ltd
Develops software solutions to various businesses covering manufacturing, trading, banking, tea industry and coffee industry.
http://www.alimentglobal.com/

StarFire Technology
Consulting to integration, provides high availability solutions for mission critical environments.
http://www.starfiretechnology.com/

Tuttle Sullivan
For IBM AS400 is distribution, manufacturing, e-business, point-of-sale, order entry, internet.
http://www.tuttlesullivan.com/

Anix Software
Develops graphics viewers, thumbnail and HTML generation utilities, image format conversion software. Products: PicViewer, MyThumbnails, HTML-View.
http://www.anixsoft.com/

The Quinn & Symanovich Corporation
Preactor is a finite-capacity scheduling system with a visual GUI, drag-and-drop, ODBC-compliant interface to ERP/MRP systems.
http://www.qsym.com/

Science.D.Visions
Develops and markets high-end computer graphics applications combining mathematics, physics and computer. Science3D Equalizer enables the user to reconstruct precise 3D camera and object motion paths out of any type of live action footage.
http://www.sci-d-vis.com/

DataModes TM/4
Offers an integrated data processing solution that includes 30 software modules for accounting, order processing, manufacturing, and equipment service.
http://www.datamodes.com/

MESA International
Information on manufacturing execution systems. Buyer's guide. Hot links. Download white papers.
http://www.mesa.org/

SY-CON
PC-Toolcrib inventory management software for manufacturers, job shops and MROs.
http://www.syconsystems.com/

Resource Management Systems
Resells Preactor finite-capacity scheduling software.
http://www.rmsuk.co.uk

Router Solutions, Inc.
Netlist, design verification, graphic, manufacturing interface tools, CAD conversions, translation services, CAE/CAD/CAM interface programs and graphical PCB viewers for the electro-mechanical industry.
http://www.rsi-inc.com

Squid Technologies
Software packages work with Gentran NT for Oracle, and QAD.
http://www.squidtech.com/

usersolutions.com
For small- to mid-sized companies. Resource Manager features costing and estimating functions.
http://www.usersolutions.com/

Parable Software Inc.
For inventory, costing, purchasing, tracking, scheduling, accounting, factory floor, more in small- to mid-sized companies. Microsoft Access front-end for MS Office 2000.
http://www.factoryedge.com/default.asp

Geac
Financial, human resource, procurement software solutions for multiple platforms: mainframe, client/server, mid-range.
http://www.geac.com/americas/

Executive Manufacturing Technologies, Inc.
Visualplant, the backbone architecture for plant floor information throughout the enterprise offers a web-based solution.
http://www.visualplant.com/

Sequel Inc - Enterprise Solutions
Collaborative manufacturing and supply chain optimization. Sequel's NetPipe Collaborative Manufacturing System is an Internet based enterprise wide solution enabling companies to manage Products, Business Partners,Opportunities, Sales & Purchase Orders, and Inventory.
http://www.sequeles.com

Flexsim Software Products, Inc.
Object-oriented software used to model, simulate, visualize, monitor dynamic-flow process activities and systems.
http://www.flexsim.com/

optAmaze Inc.
Develops web-enabled optimization, decision-support services for scheduling, routing, design over the Internet in process manufacturing, transportation, communications, retail.
http://www.optamaze.com/

Pantera Software
Value-added reseller for MRP9000 enterprise resource planning software for discrete manufacturers.
http://www.panterasoftware.com/

SyteLine & SyteCentre ERP
Provides consulting, support, training, programming, networking, system implementation. Partners with Symix , Microsoft, HP, others
http://www.logicdata.com/

MAPICS, Inc.
Modular design: select from 40+ applications and customize a flexible manufacturing solution. Modules help your business.
http://www.mapics.com/

Tool-TracK
Planned maintenance and repair history is easy for companies that have moulding, extrusion, presswork, foundries, machine shops, precision engineers.
http://www.seltek-uk.com/tool-track/

Peartree Software Inc.
Integrated ERP software for manufacturer and distributor applications including sales, purchasing, inventory, financials, engineering. EDI and bar code technology.
http://www.ptsoft.com/

MAGI
Develops and distributes manufacturing management software systems for mid-sized companies. WinMAGI supports mixed-mode manufacturers. Consulting and support.
http://www.magimfg.com/

ProfitKey International
Integrated manufacturing software, information and control systems for make-to-order and make-to-stock manufacturers. On-line scheduling capacity management, cost management.
http://www.profitkey.com/

Click Commerce
Provide members of a business partner with real-time access to products, services, information. Helps in making informed business decisions.
http://www.clickcommerce.com/

Midrange Software Inc.
Software developed for AS/400 and Open DB systems. Integrates with MAPICS, JD Edwards, BPICS for claims, field service orders, RMA processing and human resources.
http://www.midrangesoftware.com/

Full Capacity International Inc
Manufacturing software and accounting solutions, job tracking, scheduling, capacity planning, quotation, ACCPAC dealers, third party developers, for custom manufacturing.
http://www.fullcapacity.com/

VisiCraft Systems
VCS MRP 2000 manufacturing resource planning system targeted specifically to yarn spinners and finishers.
http://www.visicraftsystems.com/

MRPLite, Inc.
Assists small- to mid-sized manufacturing companies perform production control, satisfy ISO 9000 quality standards.
http://www.mrplite.com/

OEM Software Consultants
Automotive manufacturing, mortgage and EDI software and integration specialists.
http://www.oemgroup.com/

eyeRIS Software
Intelligent decision support and process control software for marketing, operations, financial applications in a variety of industries.
http://www.eye-ris.com/

CTS Guide to Manufacturing Software
Manufacturing software selection guide and requirements analysis to compare and evaluate vendors, packages. Make the right software decision for your needs.
http://www.ctsguides.com/manufacturing.asp

Praedictus Corporation
Develops factory management systems and real-time data management technology including PPM and ERDB.
http://www.praedictus.com/

Circa Information Technology
Provides information services and solutions for distributors and manufacturers. Integrated software including financial, distribution, manufacturing, data collection functionalities.
http://www.circausa.com/

Diversicon Technologies, Inc.
Produces VisuTrac series software for manufacturing, asset management, ERP and for linking software to existing systems.
http://www.visutrac.com/

Systems Conversion, Ltd.
Specialist programming, business and applications consulting, systems implementation, upgrades, conversions, project managementAdding new sub, editing descrip. to match list style
http://www.systemsconversion.com/

MSI Software
Develops software for the manufacturing, distribution industries. Sells software, networking equipment, Internet services and security, servers, PCs, notebooks, bar coding.
http://www.msi-soft.com/

Vanguard Solutions Group, Inc.
Software development and consulting specializing in business intelligence, data warehousing, enterprise resource planning.
http://www.vanguardsolutions.com/

RTX
Plant information, networking, management systems improve use of process and manufacturing information. Provide historical databases, information servers.
http://www.rtx.com/

RGM
Integrated manufacturing system for IBM AS/400 servers. A 16-module, integrated MRP II closed-loop software package is designed for smaller manufacturers.
http://www.rgmsoftware.com


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