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Capital- For alternative meanings see capital (disambiguation)
In politics a capital (also called capital city or political capital) is located by the following:
- Usually a capital of a country or other political entity is the city or town that contains the government.
- Usually the location of the capital is stated in law.
- Often a capital is a center of important activity.
- In a monarchy, often a capital is wherever a monarch's court is (which can move from palace to palace).
A country or political entity may have more than one official capital at any given point in time. It may consist of or be separate from the actual seat of government. It also may move about seasonally.
In South Africa, for example, the administrative capital is Pretoria, the legislative capital is Cape Town, while the judicial capital is Bloemfontein. This is the legacy of a compromise reached between most of the different provinces when the Union of South Africa was formed in 1910.
In Chile, the national Congress moved from Santiago, the capital, to the city of Valparaiso.
Specific capital cities
Lists of capitals
Economics/History
In the past, often a capital was the place where the various economic forms of capital were concentrated for easier protection.
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August Capital
Investment focus: companies with strong potential to become leaders in important information technology markets
http://www.augustcap.com
Softbank Venture Capital
Focus: seed stage to mezzanine round investments for Internet companies.
http://www.sbvc.com/
EuclidSR Partners
Investment focus: exploit the accelerating changes and advances in healthcare and information technologies.
http://www.euclidpartners.com/
Bain Capital
Focus: venture and expansion capital for private companies and growth capital for public companies in a wide range of industries.
http://www.baincapital.com/
MDB Capital Group, LLC
MDB Capital Group is a merchant/investment banking firm that is a NASD registered broker/dealer located in Santa Monica, CA. MDB invests via Reg D private placements in public and private companies.
http://www.mdbcapital.com
Oak Investment Partners
Investment focus: early-stage and selective restarts or recapitalizations of later-stage information technology, health care or retail companies
http://www.oakinv.com/
Sequoia Capital
Investment focus: primarily very early-stage West Coast technology companies; post beta-stage around Boston and Austin; later-stage nationwide
http://www.sequoiacap.com
Matrix Partners
Investment focus: early-stage software and communications companies
http://www.matrixpartners.com/
Telos Venture Partners
Investment focus: post-seed funding --generally the first or second significant financing -- in information technology, semiconductors, and communications. Also invests in the "restarting" of struggling private companies.
http://www.telosvp.com/
21st Century Internet Venture Partners
Investment focus: startup ventures pursuing opportunities born of the Internet
http://www.21st-century.com
RocketFinance.com
Venturing support for commercial space ventures and feasibility studies.
http://www.rocketfinance.com/
VenGlobal Capital
Investment focus: Early-stage ventures particularly in the data communications and electronic design automation (EDA) industries.
http://www.venglobal.com
Mayfield Fund
Investment focus: seed to second-round financing in companies with unique, information or healthcare technology-driven products and services that address well-defined needs in rapidly growing markets
http://www.mayfield.com/
Foundation Capital
Investment focus: start-ups in their formative stages, and all subsequent financings as a company develops, involving Enterprise & Internet Software, Communications & Networking, Technical Software, and Semiconductors.
http://www.foundationcapital.com/
Information Technology Ventures
Investment focus: fast growing information technology enterprises with "unfair" competitive advantages that have the potential to dominate their market space
http://www.itventures.com/
InterWest Partners
Investment focus: full range of stages in information technology, health care and non-technology ventures
http://www.interwest.com/
Venrock Associates
Venture capital arm of the Rockefeller family with investment focus: a high percentage of investments are seed or first round, and second round investments are considered where there is a complete management team and demonstrated progress toward market leadership
http://www.venrock.com/
New Enterprise Associates
Investment focus: principally early-stage companies in information technology, medical and life sciences
http://www.nea.com/
National Venture Capital Association
Dedicated to defining, serving and representing the interests of the venture capital and private equity industries
http://www.nvca.org/
Sutter Hill Ventures
Investment focus: technology-based startups which pioneer products or services in growth markets
http://www.shv.com/
TA Associates
Investment focus: profitable private growth companies in software, technology, healthcare, financial services, media and consumer products
http://www.ta.com/
Summit Partners
Focus: profitable companies which are poised for continued growth in the fields of software, technology, information services, healthcare, and financial services
http://www.summitpartners.com
Institutional Venture Partners
Investment focus: leading early-stage companies with advanced technology in information and life sciences, and selectively in later stage opportunities
http://www.ivp.com/
Idanta Partners Ltd.
Investment focus: young companies that have the potential to grow into substantial enterprises in the fields of information technology, health care and life sciences, retail and others
http://www.idanta.com/
Technology Funding Inc.
Pioneer in public venture funds
http://www.technologyfunding.com/
Western Association of Venture Capitalists
Non-profit association whose approximately 140 member firms represent virtually all professionally managed venture capital in the Western United States
http://www.wavc.net/
Waterside Capital Corp
Waterside Capital is a publicly held company headquartered in Norfolk, VA. Founded in 1993, the company is a licensed Small Business Investment Company (SBIC) and has $50 million in capital to invest.
http://www.watersidecapital.com
JP Morgan Partners
Investment focus: private equity for a global investment opportunities including management buy-outs and recapitalizations, venture capital, growth equity and equity to reduce excessive debt burdens.
http://www.chasecapital.com/
Greylock
Investment focus: all stages of corporate development for companies in the software, communications, and healthcare industries
http://www.greylock.com/
Sigma Partners
Investment focus: ventures of all stages, primarily in technology-based companies, but also non-technology
http://www.sigmapartners.com/
Technology Crossover Ventures
Investment focus: growth capital to expansion stage information technology companies
http://www.tcv.com/
Cornerstone Capital Holdings
Private equity firm focusing on middle market buyouts, recapitalizations and industry consolidations.
http://www.cstonecapital.com/
MBC Dotcom
Venture capital and business finance facilitator and advisory firm.
http://www.mybizcapital.com/
Dorset Capital
Private Equity for Consumer Growth Companies
http://www.dorsetcapital.com/
General Atlantic Partners
Investment focus: long term minority investor focused exclusively on software and services, and related information technologies.
http://www.gapartners.com/
Red Rock Ventures
Investment focus: seed and early-stage companies that develop and sell enterprise solutions to medium and large companies
http://www.redrockventures.com
Sprout Group
Investment focus: startups, expansion financing and management buyouts involving business to business services, communications, distribution, education, health care services, information technologies, life science products, or retail
http://www.sproutgroup.com/
InnoCal
Investment focus: early and expansion stage, technology-based businesses
http://www.innocal.com/
Morgenthaler Ventures
Investment focus: early-stage ventures and "middle market" management-led buyouts involving information technology, health care or industrial technology
http://www.morgenthaler.com/
First Analysis Venture Capital
Investment focus: all stages of development in industrial and institutional automation, knowledge and information management, outsourced and specialized services, specialty chemicals and materials, telecommunications and information technology, and waste management and natural resource efficiency
http://www.facvc.com/
JAFCO America Ventures, Inc.
Investment focus: communications, software, information services, systems/peripherals and semiconductors
http://www.jafco.com/
Ampersand Ventures
Investment focus: early and expansion-stage companies in communications, information technologies, life sciences and specialty materials and chemicals.
http://www.ampersandventures.com/
EnerTech Capital
Investment focus: profitable service and technology companies related to utilities and the broader energy marketplace but will also consider early-stage.
http://www.enertechcapital.com/
Primus Venture Partners
Investment focus: various stages of development, with greater emphasis on businesses beyond proof of concept and which are demonstrating capacity to become large enterprises
http://www.primusventure.com/
Venture Management Services
Focus: startup and later stage companies involving wireless communications, Internet, value added networking services, content and local service.
http://www.vmsgroup.com/
Advent International
Investment focus: companies at all stages of development, including early-stage, and in virtually any industry.
http://www.adventinternational.com/
Top Technology
Investment focus: early-stage British technology companies
http://www.toptechnology.co.uk/
TL Ventures
Investment focus: category-defining, early-stage companies in information technology, communications and biotechnology.
http://www.tlventures.com/
Pacific Century Group Ventures
Investment focus: all stages from initial private seed capital rounds to senior public equity financings in information technology, natural resources, real estate and special situations
http://www.pcentury.com/
BancBoston Capital
Investment focus: early-stage venture capital to equity sponsorship, co-investment and mezzanine capital for buyouts, recapitalizations and expansion of mid-size companies
http://www.bancboscap.com/
Frontenac Company
Investment focus: health care services, information technology services and consumer/industrial businesses.
http://www.frontenac.com/
JK&B Capital
Investment focus: telecommunications, software and information technologies, but will consider outstanding opportunities in other industries
http://www.jkbcapital.com
Intersouth Partners
Investment focus: seed and early-stage life science and technology companies located near the Research Triangle and Austin
http://www.intersouth.com/
Kline Hawkes & Co.
Investment focus: later-stage venture deals, change of control situations and industry consolidations in California companies involving communications, technology or health care
http://www.klinehawkes.com/
Labrador Ventures
Investment focus: early-stage companies seeking less than $1 million and involving digital technologies - information, communications, software, media/entertainment, and semiconductors
http://www.labrador.com/
Technology Partners
Focus: seed or first stage ventures involving information processing, communications or health care
http://www.technologypartners.com/
NewVista Capital
Investment focus: early-stage technology companies managed by minority and women entrepreneurs
http://www.nvcap.com/
Newtek Ventures
Investment focus: early-stage and slow growth companies involving medical devices/software/services, electronics, semi-conductors, software, telecommunications, or Internet
http://www.newtekventure.com
North Bridge Venture Partners
Investment focus: early-stage companies in software, communications and health care
http://www.nbvp.com/
Novak Biddle Venture Partners
Investment focus: information technology companies in the very early stages through first round, but also later-stage opportunities and spin-outs where they can add significant value
http://www.novakbiddle.com/
Partech International
Investment focus: startups and emerging growth companies in the United States, Europe and Japan involving information technology, life sciences and business services
http://www.partechintl.com/
Roser Ventures, LLC
Investment focus: early-stage companies across a broad range of industries and located in the Rocky Mountain region
http://www.roserventures.com/
Rosewood Capital
Investment focus: primarily expansions and recapitalizations involving branded consumer products, retail, or service sectors, including online commerce
http://www.rosewoodvc.com
Salix Ventures
Investment focus: early-stage health care services (including health care information technology) companies
http://www.salixventures.com/
South Atlantic Venture Funds
Investment focus: expansions, acquisitions, buyouts and recapitalizations located in Florida, the Southeast and Texas
http://www.southatlantic.com
TVM Techno Venture Management
Investment focus: European and U.S. communications technology, information technology and biotechnology
http://www.tvmvc.com/
Weston Presidio Capital
Investment focus: later-stage growth companies, recapitalizations and buyouts in a diverse set of industries
http://www.westonpresidio.com
Wind Point Partners
Investment focus: all stages of development, from expansion capital for emerging growth companies to sponsoring acquisitions or recapitalizations
http://www.wppartners.com/
General Catalyst
Funds breakthrough ventures and backs exceptional entrepreneurs via capital, business building resources and strategic support.
http://www.generalcatalyst.com/
Corpfin.com
Corporate finance solutions in private investment, public equities, and investment offerings.
http://www.corpfin.com/
Glick Morganstern Capital Group
Focus: arranges and negotiates financing for growth, acquisition, turnaround and start-up.
http://www.glickmorganstern.com
European Private Equity and Venture Capital Association (EVCA)
Focus: globally promote and facilitate European venture capital and private equity
http://www.evca.com/
Kennet Capital
Investment focus: European information and communications technology companies
http://www.kennetcapital.com/
Pacific Horizon Ventures
Investment focus: technology companies involving healthcare or life science; early-stages in the Northwest, later-stage deals can be anywhere in U.S.
http://www.pacifichorizon.com/
CDC Capital Partners
Private equity investors in emerging markets.
http://www.cdcgroup.com/
Crescent Private Capital
Focus: private equity firm based in Boston investing in middle-market growth companies.
http://www.crescentlp.com/
Generation Partners
Investment focus: seed to late stage information technology companies in telecommunications, data communications, computing and the Internet.
http://www.genpartners.com/
Pacific Venture Group
Investment focus: broad range of stages (startup through consolidation) involving healthcare services and information systems oriented towards a managed care solution
http://www.pacven.com/
River Cities Capital Funds
Investment focus: 1st round and follow-on for Midwest companies in a variety of industries; not seed or startup stages -- must be actively selling their product or service
http://www.rccf.com/
Vision Capital
Investment focus: trans-Atlantic expansion for proven U.S and European technology companies
http://www.visioncap.com/
NCIC Capital Fund
Focus: debt and equity financing for early-stage, technology based companies in Ohio and Indiana
http://www.ncicfund.org/
Thomson-CSF Ventures
Investment focus: electronics, telecommunications, and computer software and systems opportunities where there is potential synergy with Thomson-CSF companies
http://www.ventures.thomson-csf.com/
Edelson Technology Partners
Investment focus: startups, second round and mezzanine financing and leveraged buyouts in a broad range of technologies.
http://www.edelsontech.com/
Hickory Venture Capital Corporation
Investment focus: rapidly growing ventues throughout the Southeast, Southwest, Mid-Atlantic and Midwest, especially involving healthcare services, medical devices, telecommunications, and software
http://www.hvcc.com/
KBL Healthcare Ventures
Investment focus: startup, early-stage and emerging growth companies in the healthcare industry, particularly medical devices, healthcare services and niche pharmaceuticals
http://www.kblhealthcare.com/
Skypoint Capital Corporation
Investment focus: very early-stage high-technology opportunities in North America, the United Kingdom and Israel in telecommunications and IT
http://www.skypointcorp.com/
RAF Ventures
Investment focus: early-stage service, financial, retail, and manufacturing companies, mostly in the Mid-Atlantic states
http://www.rafind.com/
RRE Investors
Investment focus: expansion stage information technology ventures
http://www.rre.com/
Seaflower Associates, Inc.
Investment focus: promising seed and first-round investments in companies in most segments of the biomedical industry that are located in either New England or the Great Lakes region
http://www.seaflower.com/
Southeastern Technology Fund
Investment focus: 1st or 2nd round investments in Southeastern US companies providing information technology and solutions to the healthcare, and telecommunication industries
http://www.setfund.com/
Thompson Clive Venture Capital
Investment focus: life science and information technology ventures, early-stage through later-stage, on both sides of the Atlantic
http://www.tcvc.com/
idealab Capital Partners
Investment focus: Internet commerce and other early-stage Internet companies
http://icp.com/
Vanguard Venture Partners
Investment focus: pre-revenue stage in information technology and life sciences sectors
http://www.vanguardventures.com/
SSM Ventures
Investment focus: primarily Southeast and Texas companies at various stages of development involving software and technology, consumer services and retail, telecommunications, healthcare services, and business services
http://www.ssmventures.com/
Sanderling
Investment focus: seed and early-stage new biomedical market opportunities, including emerging technology
http://www.sanderling.com/
Sorrento Ventures
Investment focus: emerging early-, mid- and later-stage companies in the greater San Diego area involving health care, electronics, high technology, or consumer products
http://www.sorrentoventures.com/
Kestrel Venture Management
Investment focus: deals too large for most individual investors and too small for many venture capital firms - broad array of New England industries
http://www.kestrelvm.com/
TI (Texas Instruments) Ventures, L.P.
Investment focus: early-stage technology companies involving software infrastructure and hardware applications leveraging digital signal processing (DSP) and related technologies
http://www.ti.com/tiventures
Technology Investments
Focus: seed stage information technology ventures located in Northern California
http://www.carsten.com/
William Blair Capital Partners
Focus: early-stage venture capital, growth equity, and leveraged equity recapitalizations and management buyouts across a broad range of industries
http://www.wmblair.com/departments/private_equity/
Desai Capital Management Inc.
Focused on sponsoring acquisitions or recapitalizations of proven growth companies.
http://www.desaicapital.com/
Dimeling, Schreiber & Park
Focus: private equity investments in a broad range of middle market companies having superior management teams.
http://www.dsppartners.com/
Swander Pace Capital
San Francisco-based firm providing value-added investing in consumer products companies.
http://www.spcap.com
Svoboda, Collins L.L.C.
Focus: investing in and building value-added service and distribution companies with fundamentally sound operating models.
http://www.svoco.com
Global American Corporation
Focus: financing the capital requirements for a variety of companies, in various industries, through private investors.
http://www.gac-eog.com/
Bertelsmann Ventures
Investment focus: early stage, Internet centric, business-to-consumer and consumer-to-consumer.
http://www.bvfund.com
Gabriel Venture Partners
Investment focus: funding through every stage of the company growth cycle.
http://www.gabrielvp.com/
Freeman Spogli
Private equity investment firm dedicated to investing in growing companies.
http://www.freemanspogli.com/
Warburg Pincus Ventures
Providing investments in information technology, healthcare, media, communications, energy, financial and business services.
http://www.warburgpincus.com/
Gemini Investors
Focus: investing in middle market companies.
http://www.gemini-investors.com/
American Capital Strategies
Evaluates and secures financing for middle market companies.
http://americancapitalonline.com/
American Securities Capital Partners
Provides equity investments in privately and publicly held companies in numerous industries.
http://www.american-securities.com/
Cambridge Financial Services
A venture capital firm raising capital through private stock offerings.
http://www.venture-capital-firm.com
CM Equity Partners
Private equity fund focusing on the acquisition of middle-market manufacturing, distribution and service companies.
http://www.cmequity.com/
Capital Solutions Network
Provides access to a network of private investors and institutional investment groups.
http://www.capitalsearch.net/
Spring Capital Partners, L.P.
Investment Focus: mezzanine financing for growing small and medium-sized businesses.
http://www.springcap.com/
Centurion Pictures
Seeks investment and support for the production of a full length feature film.
http://www.centurionpictures.com/
New Technology Opportunities
Seeks capital financing for the production and marketing of a patented product.
http://www.autotronicsusa.net/
Keystone Capital, Inc
Private equity investment firm specializing in leveraged buyouts, mergers and acquisitions.
http://www.keystonecapitalinc.com/
Emerald Capital Group
Focus: provides services to private and public micro-cap companies.
http://www.emeraldcapitalgroup.com/
Allantra Venture Development
Technology business management consulting services.
http://www.allantra.com
Pacifica Fund
Focus: Silicon Valley based seed and first round venture capital firm.
http://www.pacificafund.com/
Mac Investment Company Inc
Focus: specializing in venture capital, private equity, and direct investments.
http://www.macinvestco.com/
Convergent Capital
Focus: manages technology-oriented venture capital funds in France, Europe and Israel.
http://www.convergent-capital.com/
Axa Private Equity
Portfolio management company focusing on all the aspects of capital investment and private equity.
http://www.axaprivateequity.com/
Ovation Capital
Investment focus: includes Internet and mobile infrastructure, software, storage and data networking.
http://www.ovationcapital.com/
Silicom Ventures
Focus: provide funding to early-stage high technology start-ups.
http://www.silicomventures.com/
Argonaut Partners
Focus: acquisition of industrial and business-to-business, value-added distributorships, direct marketing, catalog and telemarketing firms.
http://www.argollc.com/
StartupX
Investment focus: online trading platform which provides funding through venture capital and private investors.
http://www.startupx.com/
Dragonfly Capital
Investment focus: private equity investor and advisor focused on Southeastern U.S. businesses in the Life Science and Information Technology sectors.
http://www.dragonflycapital.com/
EQY.com
Focus: incubation reference site for investors and start-ups.
http://www.eqy.com/
Compere Associates
Focus: principal investor combining management, strategy and financing in acquiring telecoms, media, utility and financial services businesses.
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