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Vaudeville
Vaudeville is a style of theater, also known as variety, which flourished in North America from the 1880s through the 1920s. Its popularity rose in step with the rise of industry and the growth of North American cities during this period, and declined with the introduction of sound films and radio. The origin of the term is obscure, but the term is often considered a corruption of the expression "voix de ville," or "voice of the city." Another plausible etymology is that it is a corruption of the French Vau de Vire, a valley in Normandy noted for style of songs with topical themes.
The first beginnings of a vaudeville type theater was opened by impresario Tony Pastor in Manhattan in 1865. Vaudeville theaters featured performers of various types: music, comedy, magic, animal acts, novelty, acrobatics and gymnastics, and celebrity lecture tours. Many early film and radio performers, such as W. C. Fields, Buster Keaton, the Marx Brothers, Edgar Bergen and The Three Stooges, started in vaudeville.
There was no sharp end to vaudeville. The advent of radio and the cinema in the late 1920s started the decline, furthered in the early 1930s by the Great Depression. The closing of the prestigious Palace Theater in New York City in 1932 is regarded as an important marker in Vaudeville's fading. The difficulties in civilian transportation during World War II and the subsequent rise of television helped end what was left of the old Vaudeville circuits.
 From newspaper promotional for vaudeville character actor Charles E. Grapewin
The television variety show format owed much to Vaudeville, and many Vaudeville performers made the transition to television. An equivalent form of theater in the UK at the same time was referred to as Music Hall, and in the UK the term Vaudeville was used to refer to what in the US would have been called burlesque. e.g. a more low-brow form with emphasis on stripping and erotic dance.
Vaudeville in the US also marked the introduction of big business into the world
of popular entertainment. Several circuits of theaters were built by Keith & Albee, Sullivan & Consodine, Alexander Pantages, Marcus Loew, and others.
These businessmen hired full-time travelling performers, set strict rules about the kinds of shows allowed in their theaters, and competed fiercely among themselves for the best acts. Keith & Albee in particular tried to maintain high standards for their shows, and did not allow anything bawdy or even suggestive on their stages. Even "legitimate" theater actors like Sarah Bernhardt sometimes supplemented their income with appearances in these shows.
Vaudeville has all but disappeared from the stage, with the exception of small (but popular) throwback acts like Triple Espresso.
Noted Vaudeville Performers Included:
See also
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Jeff Gardner
Home page for veteran Broadway actor, and vaudeville comedian.
http://www.jeffgardner.net
American Vaudeville Museum
Site devoted to biographies of famous Vaudeville performers.
http://vaudeville.org/
Legends of Vaudeville
Musical comedy tribute show starring Jeff Gardner who recreates famous routines by Jimmy Durante, Al Jolson, Abbott and Costello, and Groucho Marx.
http://www.legendsofvaudeville.com
Vintage Vaudeville and Ragtime Show
Site recreates a vaudeville show with authentic audio and video clips of actual Vaudeville performers.
http://www.bestwebs.com/vaudeville/
American Variety Stage
Vaudeville and popular entertainment from 1870-1920. Site from the Library of Congress.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/vshtml/
Robert Dante
Bullwhip expert, instructor, and Performer.
http://home.earthlink.net/~rdante1
Royal Variety Performance
Main source of funding for the Entertainment Artistes Benevolent Fund, and Brinsworth House, a residential and nursing home for retired members of the entertainment profession.
http://www.eabf.org.uk/rvp.htm
New Wave Vaudeville
Information on a six person troupe of variety artists who present a theater performance filled with juggling, illusions, comedy, magic, and audience participation.
http://www.newwavevaudeville.com
Juggler and Comedian Mark Nizer
Won the International Juggling Championships and has taken his one man show to thousands of venues around the world.
http://active-media.com/nizer
Vaudeville
Movies, MP3s, and links.
http://xroads.virginia.edu/~ma02/easton/vaudeville/vaudeville.html
Vaudeville Memories
A tribute to the Golden Age of Vaudeville. History, pictures, original material, and links to other sites. Also features suggested reading and a page on vaudeville slang.
http://members.rogers.com/vaudeville/
Mister Gallagher and Mister Shean
A tribute to one of the most famous teams of the vaudeville era, and their famous self-named song.
http://members.rogers.com/vaudeville/vaudgs.htm
Arthur Lloyd
Biographical information on Arthur Lloyd, major 19th century UK music hall performer and song writer, with details on related Halls and Theatres.
http://www.arthurlloyd.co.uk
Grinn and Barrett
These comic jugglers perform for festivals and corporate events.
http://www.grinnandbarrett.com
National Music Hall and Variety Festival
Will be held in Weston-super-mare, UK, during April and May 2004.
http://www.nmhvfestival.co.uk
Betsy's Backyard Follies
Vaudeville entertainment from the 30's and 40's.
http://www.backyardfollies.com/
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