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Archive- For alternate uses see: Archive (disambiguation).
An archive is a collection of records, charters and other documents belonging to any state, community or family, and the building(s) it's kept in.
A library can be seen as a sort of archive (as can a museum), but the word 'archive' is often used when stressing its role of preservation, rather than that of dissemination.
Etymology
The word archive (pronounced Ar-kive) is derived from the Greek arkhé meaning government, indicating its importance in the continued life of a community.
Anthropological sense
Human archives, or organised public or corporate records, are essential to effective day-to-day organisational decision making, but even more than that, to the survival of organisations. Archives were well developed by the ancient Chinese, the ancient Greeks and many other peoples including the Aboriginal Australians, whose immensely intricate archives were stored and transmitted orally but with reference markers in the physical landscape. Rock art was also used in Southern Africa which has more sites than in any other part of the world.
In computing, an archive is a bundle of other files contained in one file itself. Technically, archives do not compress, rather just tying together files and their structure, but in reality, many archive formats feature built-in compression, especially on non-Unix platforms.
Ubiquitous amongst Unix and Unix-like operating systems is the tape archive, tar file format. Originally intended for transferring files to and from tape, it is generally used to combine files before they are compressed, usually by gzip or bzip2. Other formats include ar and shar.
On Windows platforms, the most widely-used archive format by far is ZIP; other popular formats are RAR, ACE and ARJ. On Amigas, the standard archive format is LHA, while on Apple Macintosh computers, Stuffit is among the most common.
See Also
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Archive of Folk Culture Collections
From The American Folklife Center, Library of Congress. Information, links to online publications and guides to the collections.
http://lcweb.loc.gov/folklife/archive.html
Archives of Traditional Music
General information about the Indiana University Archives, including listings of journal contents and a searchable archive database.
http://www.indiana.edu/~libarchm/
National Sound Archive International Music Collection
The British Library National Sound Archive contains lists of world music recordings with RealAudio samples, as well as links to other world music archives in the UK.
http://portico.bl.uk/collections/sound-archive/imc.html
Southern Mosaic
The John and Ruby Lomax 1939 Southern States Recording Trip is a multi-format ethnographic field collection including nearly 700 sound recordings (102 of which are performed in Spanish), fieldnotes, dust jackets, and other manuscripts documenting a three-month, 6,502 mile trip through the Southern United States collecting folksongs. Contains a virtual journal of the trip, with text, pictures and sound.
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/lohtml/lohome.html
UCLA Ethnomusicology Archive
The collection includes sound recordings of folk, ethnic, and non-western classical music. The site includes a selected list of current collections.
http://www.ethnomusic.ucla.edu/archive/
Library African Music
International Library of African Music contains over 40,000 recordings. The site includes a searchable index, as well as sound samples of African instruments.
http://ilam.ru.ac.za
Archives of African American Music and Culture
Repository of materials covering various musical idioms and cultural expressions from the post-World War II era. Includes a searchable database and publications listing.
http://www.indiana.edu/~aaamc/index2.html
Southern Folklife Collection
These holdings, at the University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, document all forms of Southern musical and oral traditions across the entire spectrum of individual and community expressive arts, as well as mainstream media production. Generally describes the manuscript and sound recording holdings.
http://www.lib.unc.edu/mss/sfc1/
Ralph Rinzler Folklife Archives and Collections
The Smithsonian archives house the Moses and Frances Asch collection, consisting of the entirety of Folkways Records, and the Rinzler Archives, consisting of the written, audio, and visual records of projects and exhibits sponsored by the Center for Folklife and Cultural Heritage, including the Smithsonian Folklife Festival. Contains general collections and grant information
http://www.folklife.si.edu/CFCH/aboutarc.htm
International Music Collections
The collection at the British Library includes recordings variously described as traditional, folk or 'world' music. The site includes a discography of their published CDs, and a searchable catalog of published and unpublished recordings.
http://www.bl.uk/collections/sound-archive/imc.html
Wesleyan World Music Archives
Basic information on the collection and staff.
http://www.wesleyan.edu/libr/srhome/srwma.htm
Performing Arts in Colonial American Newspapers
Database and index of newspaper articles from 1690-1783.
http://www.universitymusicedition.com/Performing_Arts/
Early American Secular Music and its European Sources
Searchable index of sources for early American and European music, covering the years from 1589-1839.
http://www.colonialdancing.org/Easmes/
Archive of World Music - International Inventory of Musical Sources
Collection of commercial and field recordings of ethnic and folk musics, with an emphasis on the musics of Asia and the Middle East. Includes general information on the collection, a collection newsletter, and browsable collection databases.
http://rism.stub.uni-frankfurt.de/index_e.htm
African Music Archive
A history and general information on the archive at Johannes Gutenburg University, located in Mainz, Germany. The archive publishes NTAMA - The Journal of African Music and Popular Culture. In English and German.
http://ntama.uni-mainz.de/ama/
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