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Motion

This article is about motion in physics. See also motion (legal), motion (democracy) and Apple Motion.

In physics, motion means a change in the position of a body with respect to time, as measured by a particular observer in a particular frame of reference. Until the end of the 19th century, Newton's laws of motion, which he posited as axioms or postulates in his famous Principia, were the basis of what has since become known as classical physics. Calculations of trajectories and forces of bodies in motion based on Newtonian or classical physics were very successful until physicists began to be able to measure and observe very fast physical phenomena.

At very high speeds, the equations of classical physics were not able to accurately calculate correct values. To address these problems, the ideas of Albert Einstein concerning the fundamental phenomena of motion were adopted in lieu of Newton's. Whereas Newton's laws of motion assumed absolute values of space and time in the equations of motion, Einstein's theories assumed relative values for these concepts. Since Einstein's equations yielded accurate results at high speeds and Newton's did not, Einstein's theory of relativity for bodies in motion has usurped Newton's laws of motion, based on absolute space and time. However, as a practical matter, Newton's equations are much easier to work with than Einstein's and therefore are more often used in applied physics and engineering.

It is interesting to note, however, that because motion is defined as the proportion of space to time, these concepts are prior to motion, just as the concept of motion itself is prior to force. In other words, the properties of space and time determine the nature of motion and the properties of motion, in turn, determine the nature of force. Therefore, relative space and relative time result in relative motion, which means that the unit values of space and time can change for observers moving at high speeds relative to each other. These concepts have led physicists in general to conclude that only relative motion can be measured and that absolute motion is meaningless.

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StopMotionAnimation.Com
Information, resources, library, and how-to instructionals.
http://www.StopMotionAnimation.com/

Loose Moose Animation
Award winning stop motion animation company using puppets, clay animation and CGI. Best known for their Brisk Iced Tea television commercials.
http://www.loosemoose.net/

FrameThief
This is an inexpensive shareware stop motion animation program for the Apple/Macintosh platform, that enables the users, from novices to professionals, to capture and create animation.
http://www.framethief.com

The Art of Stop Motion Animation
Overview about stop motion animation and general how-to aspects. Covers films and television shows using stop motion. Also, behind the scene photos of professional animator's work.
http://pharosproductions.com/aosma/smhome.html

The Clay Animation Home Page
Site that includes, resources, discussion group, materials & supplies links, and other information for those wanting to learn about stop motion clay animation.
http://clay.s5.com

The Clay Animation Station
For beginners/students, general information about getting started in clay animation. Includes tips, tricks, and resources.
http://library.thinkquest.org/22316/home.html

Paint Specialties Laboratory
Manufacturer of a concentrated water based, flexible and durable paint, that can be used on foam rubber materials for stop motion animation puppets and prosthetic make-up special effects.
http://www.stopmotionworks.com/pntspeclab.htm

Animation und Puppenbau - Juergen Kling
Studio in Germany offering stop motion animation production services, ball-socket armatures, puppetmaking, sets, props, and modelmaking. There is also English version of this site.
http://www.juergenkling.de

Toxic Mom's Studio
A full facility sculpture, design, prototyping art studio specializing in toys and action figures. Also experienced in stop motion puppet fabrication and animatronics-cable puppetry work.
http://www.toxicmom.com/

Menagerie Productions
Fantasy and paleo sculpture, one-of-a-kind commissions, character design and maquette creation for special projects. Also experienced in stop motion model fabrication, covering the entire process from design through armature construction, molding, foam casting and finishing.
http://www.menagerieproductions.com

Lima SMA Website
Stop motion animation personal website page that also includes informational tips for those who want to make their own stop motion movies.
http://www.geocities.com/lima_sma/index.htm

Xipster Instant Animator
Frame capture software with user friendly interface for beginning animators to quickly learn animation basics. Includes its own sound effects to quickly assemble & complete short animated sequences.
http://www.xipster.com

La Pate à Modeler Animée
Clay animation site using digital still camera and includes some basic, finished animations. Also, has some tutorials showing how it was done. The site is in French and has English translation.
http://perso.wanadoo.fr/vallin/animation/clayanimation/

Clay Animation Made Easy
Example of clay and stop motion animation used in an elementary school curriculum. Educators using this tactile animation medium to help encourage language, mathematical, logical, spatial, collaborative and creativity skills.
http://education.wichita.edu/claymation

Animation Express: Stop Motion Animations
Examples submitted by beginning and amateur stop motion animators. Requires QuickTime player.
http://www.wired.com/animation/stopmotion.html

Magpie
A shareware program that helps in the analysis of a recorded voice for lip-sync. Applicable to a variety of animation methods including stop motion. It provides a set of tools for the precise timing of the character's mouth movements and suggests how it should look at each frame of the animation.
http://www.thirdwishsoftware.com/magpie.html

Sanyo iDshot Digital Disk Cam
One of the very few consumer digital camcorders that can shoot single frames and can be used for stop motion work. When the iDshot is used for animation, it does not need to be connected to computer.
http://www.sanyo.com/entertainment/digitalcameras/index.cfm?productID=225

The Seventh Voyage.Com
Site which is dedicated to the films and creations of stop motion animator Ray Harryhausen. Updated regularly.
http://www.theseventhvoyage.com

Ray Harryhausen
The life and career of the special effects, stop-motion animator.
http://lavender.fortunecity.com/judidench/584/

Stop Motion E-mail Forum
Community for discussing the craft with other hobbyists and professionals.
http://groups.yahoo.com/group/Stopmotion

John Wright Modelmaking
A special effects shop in England that designs and fabricates miniature models for use in puppet animation, offers ball and socket joint parts for do-it-yourself armature fabrication, and they also engineer custom stop motion animation armatures.
http://www.jwmm.co.uk/frame.htm

Stop-Motion Filmography
A website reviewing this detailed book about stop motion animation in motion pictures or television, specifically, where the stop motion puppets were used to interact with live action/people.
http://www.aboyd.com/kong/pettigrew.html

Burman Industries, Inc.
This company offers materials, supplies, how-to videos and books for prosthetic/animatronic special effects, which use many similar fabrication techniques to create stop motion animation puppets.
http://www.burmanfoam.com

At Last, Foam Puppet Fabrication Explained!
Article from Animation World Magazine. An overview of the general methods used in stop motion puppet fabrication starting from design, then machining jointed armature, sculpting, molding, and foam latex rubber casting.
http://www.awn.com/mag/issue2.11/2.11pages/2.11briertonani.html

BTV - Mac Animation
Video software with frame capture features specifically for animation applications, such as stop motion, clay, and drawn. Also features timelapse and motion detection.
http://www.bensoftware.com/

Building Ball-Socket Armatures
Description and photos showing the construction of stop motion animation puppet armature joints using common tools and basic metalworking methods.
http://www.montereymotiongraphics.com/armatures/

MovieStuff Transfers
For those shooting stop motion using Super 8 film format, this company offers low cost film-to-digital transfers of your Super 8 animation. Film is transferred to miniDV tape format and ready for downloading to your computer.
http://moviestuff.tv/

Animation Toolworks
This company offers the LunchBox Sync which is a dedicated frame/image capturing device to provide instant feedback for animators. Many uses include syncing for pencil tests or stop motion, also for demo reels, previews, animatics, reference tests, student projects, festival entries, and web animation.
http://www.animationtoolworks.com

Stop Motion Armature Machining Book
Provides general instructions about machining and metal working techniques for the fabrication of armature joints which are used inside stop motion puppets. This is an intermediate level book which assumes you have some understanding of metal working principles.
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/ASIN/0786412445

ModularHose.com: Armatures
A modular, poseable hose system that can be adapted and modified for use as stop motion puppet armatures, and can be used in "built-up" puppet constructions.
http://modularhose.com/merchant2/merchant.mv?Screen=CTGY&Store_Code=M&Category_Code=DA

VideoBlender
This is an animation software for the use in stop motion and clay animation. Offered by Tech4Learning which has extensive online documentation and training manuals about VideoBlender. It can be used on the PC or Mac platform.
http://www.tech4learning.com/videoblender/index.html

Do it Yourself ! Foam Latex Puppet Making 101
This video tutorial is available for purchase which shows the general basics of constructing a stop motion animation puppet using the clay sculpting & molding method, foam rubber latex casting, seaming, and final painting of the puppet.
http://www.angelfire.com/anime4/zungstudio/

Stop Motion Film
A resource and informational website from Germany about stop motion animation. Also, there is an English version of this site.
http://www.stopmotionfilm.de

Armaverse
Stop motion animation armature parts and kits for building a variety of jointed armatures such as humans, elephants, and grasshoppers. Affordable prices for those starting in puppet animation.
http://www.armaverse.com

Clay Animation How-To Page
A brief tutorial on how to make clay puppets and animate/film them. Many links to stop motion/puppet animation related web sites.
http://www.animateclay.com/

Clay Animation & Sculpture
Stop motion animation movies and pictures created with clay. [Some pages from this site not viewable with some browsers]
http://members.tripod.com/~dragomir.n

Stop Motion Pro
For Windows PCs, a mid-priced frame capturing program for professional level stop motion animation, clay animation, pixillation, and cut out animation techniques.
http://www.stopmotionpro.com/

AnimatorDV
Computer based stop-motion software for the PC platform. Allows recording of your stop motion animations with added features to check the animation quality and progress. Trial version available for try out.
http://animatordv.wmmedia.com

Stop Motion Studio
Stop motion, claymation and time-lapse software for Macs. A simple user interface and with online instructions and documentation. A free demo is available for download.
http://www.loudmotion.com

iStopMotion
Easy to use Stop Motion animation software for Mac OS X. Allows you to use your computer and DV camcorder or USB webcams to capture single frames for stop motion or time lapse applications.
http://www.istopmotion.com

Michael Davy Film & TV
Distributor-supplier of a more user friendly 3 part foam latex system. M.D. Foam Latex can be used for casting stop motion animation puppets. Listed under "products" then go to "latex products".
http://www.michaeldavy.com/

Stop Motion Works
Information and how-to technical tips on animated puppetry. Dedicated web site for hobbyists and professionals practicing the unique art and craft of stop motion animation.
http://www.stopmotionworks.com

The Puppetry Home Page
Lists information and resources; covering traditional puppetry, animatronics, and stop motion puppet animation.
http://www.sagecraft.com/puppetry/definitions/index.html



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